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This report presents the preliminary design and the construction cost for a 5 MW Solar Hybrid Electric Energy Plant (SHEEP) to be built at Crosbyton, Texas. The plant has been designed to serve as a small size, commercially operable power plant which fully demonstrates the function, performance, and cost of this solar technology and integrated steam management concept. Good lifetime performance at minimum cost were the critical design objectives.
This report is basically a textbook describing the nature of the Solar Gridiron (Hemispherical Bowl) Concept and its special characteristics.
Section II is unique in that it constitutes the only status report ever made to the USDOE concerning system-level experience with a high temperature solar-thermal concept. As the Table of Contents shows, twelve topics are considered in some detail. The basic conclusion which may be reached from Section II is that this system, this project, and this concept are all soundly established and thoroughly operational.
Section III describes the remarkably successful CSPP theoretical description of the performance of Solar Gridiron Systems. Formulas are Jiven and thoroughly tested against actual performance data. Both the "attendance factor" and the "fluid power capture factor" are explained and shown to give extremely accurate representation for system performance. The concept of "solar strategy" of operation is defined and illustrated. Electric power plant performance is studied for a range of cycles and conditions.
Section IV describes the projection of cost for 200-ft Solar Gridiron and for 5MW solar gridiron-fossil fuel hybrid electric power plants. This analysis is unique in that it is the first cost analysis of a high temperature solar thermal concept reported to the USDOE which is founded upon actual costs of building an operating design verification system. The costs are established to be the same as proposed by the CSPP in 1974, two years before initial funding was provided.
This document establishes useful notation and effective procedures developed by CSPP for dealing with all aspects of the design of a cost effective solar-electric power plant for Crosbyton, Texas. Such a power plant should serve as a foundation for deployment of similar plants over a wide geographical area of the United States. In addition, this document is intended to provide a firm foundation upon which CSPP can base its arguments concerning the technical and economic merit of the Solar Gridiron Concept.
The two-step Mission of the United States Department of Energy Crosbyton Solar Power Project (CSPP), conducted by Texas Tech University is: STEP 1. Develop the Solar Gridiron or Solar Bowl concept to determine the feasibility and utility of building a 5MWe electric power plant based on this solar-thermal concept and obtain and provide a sound technical basis for deciding whether or not to build such a plant; and STEP 2. Should the technical basis warrant construction, then establish such a plant (presumably a solar-fossil hybrid) at Crosbyton, Texas.
The Ratio of Solid Angles (ROSA) computer code was developed as part of the Crosbyton Solar Power Project (CSPP) for calculation of optical power concentrations due to reflection from a spherical segment mirror. It was developed primarily in support of Department of Energy Contracts DE-AC04-76ET20255 and DE-AC04-83AL21557. This report provides technical information about the ROSA code.
The CSPP is concerned with the development of a technology for producing electric power from steam generated by reflection of the sun's rays from a fixed-mirror solar bowl onto a tracking receiver. In this system, the receiver is cantilevered and pivots about the center of curvature of the mirror. The ROSA code gives optical power concentration ratio profiles at points along the receiver surface.
The ROSA code is written for a spherical segment mirror and the rim angle of the mirror is an input variable. Orientation of the axis of symmetry of the bowl is specified in terms of a vertical-east-north coordinate system. Location of the sun relative to this coordinate system is also an input variable. Shading and rim cutoff effects are automatically included in the computation.
The code permits any convex surface of revolution as a receiver. Normally a cylinder or a cone would be used. For optimum energy capture, the axis of the receiver should lie along the from the center of the sun through the center of the bowl. However, tracking errors can cause misalignment of the receiver axis with this line. The code handles such misalignment in terms of misalignment angle input parameters.
This report consists of two parts, a technical reference manual and a user's guide. The reference manual provides the background material and derivations necessary for the implementation of the code. Computer listings for ROSA are also included in the reference manual.
The user's guide contains an explanation of the input data for the program, special user supplied subroutine requirements, a discussion of the output data, sample output and graphs of sample concentration profiles. Sample BOILER subroutines are given for a right circular cone and a right circular cylinder boiler. A sample RIM subroutine is given for an alternate rim shape.
Interim report on the Crosbyton facility during phase I. Includes monthly statistics of the load by hour, boring logs for soil analysis, optical analysis, development of receiver thermal-fluid model, and overall anaylsis of materials and collector.
Description of phase 1 of developing the Crosbton Solar Power Project. This means to develop the Solar Gridiron or Solar Bowl concept to determine the feasibility and utility of building a SMWe electric power plant based on this solar-thermal concept and obtain and provide a sound technical basis for deciding whether or not to build such a plant. With the inclusion of data resulting from phase I.
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In this report the work performed in Segment I of Phase I of the Crosbyton Solar Power Project (CSPP) is described. The period of performance was 18 months, from September 1, 1976 to February 2, 1978. The work of the first six months by Texas Tech University, with E-Systems, Inc., was reported in Volumes I, II, and III, the Interim Technical Report of February 19, 1977. The present report is a continuation of that report so that details from that report will not be repeated here. This report is organized into two volumes: IV and V. Volume IV is an overview of the work and results of Segment I and is supported by Volume V, a collection of appendices summarizing the research program.