Dublin had a supply of piped water since the 13th century and a drainage service since the late 18th century. Their history is related against the backdrop of the city's growth over eight centuries and the struggle to provide clean water and hygienic drainage, the twin elements for public health. Michael Corcoran was a draughtsman with Dublin City Council's Drainage Division for 24 years and is the author of several works including Thro' streets broad and narrow: the history of Dublin's trams.