The Indian, European, and African women of seventeenth- and eighteenth-century America were defenders of their native land, pioneers on the frontier, willing immigrants, and courageous slaves. They were also - as earlier scholars tended to overlook - as important as men in shaping American culture and history. First Generations is one of the first books to examine these women's experiences, to look at them not only as wives, mothers, household managers, laborers, rebels, But, invariably, as active participants in the creation of their societies. In fascinating biographical portraits and analyses of collective experiences, Carol Berkin conveys the varieties of female lives, separated by class, region, and race but linked by laws and presumptions that defined them by gender.