This book collects a range of papers outlining part of the results of the European Research Council (ERC) funded project “An Empire of 2,000 Cities”, which was held at the University of Leiden from 2013 to 2018. The extent of topics covered in the volume and the broad chronological and geographical frameworks encompassed are immediately evident even when one just looks at the table of contents, which lists 16 papers by international scholars. The relevance of these contributions to the study of regional urban systems across the Roman world is demonstrated not only by the authors’ discussions, but also by the wealth of analytic data, tables, catalogues and appendices supplementing many of these texts. Undoubtedly, the volume provides new information that will be of use to anyone working on the urbanism, economic and socio-political history of the Roman Empire, striking a good balance between archaeological and ancient historical standpoints.