In this book, the authors present current research in the study of the kinematic variability, uses in therapy and effects on muscle activity of treadmills. Topics discussed include a treadmill's effect on motor control and variability in human gait pattern; temporo-spatial and kinematic variables in the context of rehabilitation following treadmill walking; evaluation of gait stability based on recovery steps in perturbed gait; and the effects of treadmill walking on muscle activity and neuromuscular junction of botulinum toxin-induced muscle atrophy.