National and global political discourse is increasingly emphasizing the importance of developing knowledge economies and placing the production of knowledge societies at the forefront of national development policy. Such development aims are being embraced by governments across the Arab world, and the Middle East as a region is seeking new ways to develop capacity through education. In this report, the fourth in a series of Global Education Research Reports published by the Institute of International Education and the AIFS Foundation, authors from a wide range of institutions and organizations describe and analyze current innovations, trends, and issues that countries and institutions in the Middle East are facing as they move toward educational reform and development, as well as exchange projects between Middle Eastern countries and the United States. The report includes discussions of institutional planning in the region, women's education, youth exchange, and Arabic language education, and offers a contemporary erudite examination of the role of global education in building the knowledge economy in the Middle East.