Just as the NATO Alliance's investments during the Cold War contributed to the collapse of the Soviet Union and the Warsaw Pact, investments now in Europe's future will make a dramatic difference to our own security. NATO's decision to enlarge is a key element of that investment. Our investment in Russia's transformation has been no less important, yet Russian leaders see the enlargement of NATO as a threat to their security. To examine this dilemma, the Council on Foreign Relations convened an independent Task Force that concluded the enlargement of NATO and improved NATO-Russia relations need not be incompatible, if both are handled properly. The group also looked at the effect of enlargement on the Baltic States and Ukraine.