Jessica Wang
Autor de American Science in an Age of Anxiety: Scientists, Anticommunism, and the Cold War
Obras de Jessica Wang
Obras relacionadas
Cold War Triumphalism: The Misuse of History After the Fall of Communism (2004) — Contribuidor — 41 copias
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In the aftermath of WWII, many scientists advocated international control of atomic secrets. Wang argues, “The atomic scientists’ movement created a new political role for American scientists, but with the rise of the Cold War, it also provided a major avenue for anticommunist attacks against them” (pg. 12). Their work represented continuity with nineteenth century scientists, who believed expertise could help “mitigate the deleterious effects of the unrestrained free market of classical liberalism” (pg. 36). Wang argues, “The ultimate significance of liberal and progressive left scientists’ vision for postwar science, then, lies in their specific position on the political spectrum than in their willingness to effect a reconciliation between expert authority and popular will and to create a political structure for the former that would give precedence to the latter” (pg. 37). Wang continues in her argument that scientists did not adopt anticommunism through the efforts of state forces. She writes, “Like American liberals, scientists felt the same pressures and impulses to equate left-leaning politics with disloyalty and dogmatic adherence to the Communist Party and to ferret out radicals within their midst” (pg. 55). In this way, scientists “established their beliefs through their own understanding of the Cold War international conflict” (pg. 58). Wang bases this conclusion on access to newly accessible, though incomplete, records from the FBI (much like the work of John Earl Haynes).
This new access to records leads Wang to examine the security clearance system, which “assumed that there existed a certain ideological type of profile that predisposed persons to commit espionage or other crimes of subversion” (pg. 86). Most who testified to secure clearance did not question a process that could define loyalty based on personal politics. Even President Truman expected loyalty of atomic scientists. Wang writes, “Truman and other Cold War liberals never fully appreciated the way their own anticommunist rhetoric validated the more extreme actions of HUAC and, later on, Senator McCarthy” (pg. 181). In this way, Wang argues, “Scientists were not simply passive victims of unjust Cold War political repression. They were also agents of the national security state, who offered crucial expertise for the execution of Cold War policies” (pg. 205). The Korean War, however, and the Truman administration’s changed standards for dismissal that included “a reasonable doubt as to the loyalty of the person involved to the Government of the United States” fundamentally changed the political landscape and ended opportunities for dissent (pg. 253). Wang concludes that only the Eisenhower administration and the Supreme Court could end the “altered political conditions of the second half of the 1950s,” regardless of scientific activism (pg. 286).… (más)