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Race Against Empire: Black Americans and Anticolonialism, 1937-1957

por Penny M. Von Eschen

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During World War II, African American activists, journalists, and intellectuals forcefully argued that independence movements in Africa and Asia were inextricably linkep to political, economic, and civil rights struggles in the United States. Marshaling evidence from a wide array of international sources, including the black presses of the time, Penny M. Von Eschen offers a vivid portrayal of the African diaspora in its international heyday, from the 1945 Manchester Pan-African Congress to early cooperation with the United Nations.Race against Empire tells the poignant story of a popular movement and its precipitate decline with the onset of the Cold War. Von Eschen documents the efforts of African-American political leaders, intellectuals, and journalists who forcefully promoted anti-colonial politics and critiqued U.S. foreign policy. The eclipse of anti-colonial politics-which Von Eschen traces through African-American responses to the early Cold War, U.S. government prosecution of black American anti-colonial activists, and State Department initiatives in Africa-marked a change in the very meaning of race and racism in America from historical and international issues to psychological and domestic ones. She concludes that the collision of anti-colonialism with Cold War liberalism illuminates conflicts central to the reshaping of America; the definition of political, economic, and civil rights; and the question of who, in America and across the globe, is to have access to these rights.Exploring the relationship between anticolonial politics, early civil rights activism, and nascent superpower rivalries, Race against Empire offers a fresh perspective both on the emergence of the United States as the dominant global power and on the profound implications of that development for American society.… (más)
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he civil rights movement prior to WWII and immediately after it looked at the issue of racial oppression as a global issue. African-American groups allied with African associations to advocate an end to colonialism. While this included the "Double V" slogan, it also included aggressive advocacy for the decolonization of Africa. Lobbying groups went to San Francisco for the UN conference as well as trying to influence State Department policy. The UN, in particular, was important in African-American strategy, as well as that of non-whites globally. Prior to 1946, the UN app[eared a potentially vibrant organization for justice and change. It's eventual emphasis on accepting the sovereignty of all nations severely limited its ability to have an impact in colonialism, but that took some time to become apparent.

After 1946, African-American organizations dramatically changed their strategy. The limitations of the UN was not a direct cause of this change, but was a symptom of underlying issues that would provoke the shift in priorities. The fact that the UN had little power reflected the growing conflict between the US and USSR. That conflict, which would eventually be termed the Cold War, forced African-Americans to limit criticism of US foreign policy so that they would maintain some credibility to advocate domestic change. Although there was significant disagreement among the African-American community, Walter White, head of the NAACP, eventually pushed his view into a dominant position, which was to present an appearance of loyal supporters of the US in the Cold War. Such was the dominance of the Cold War consensus that when later African-American groups, such as the Black Panthers and the Nation of Islam, challenged it, they were essentially forced to reinvent the wheel. Established African-American groups had almost completely cut-off contacts with global issues. ( )
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During World War II, African American activists, journalists, and intellectuals forcefully argued that independence movements in Africa and Asia were inextricably linkep to political, economic, and civil rights struggles in the United States. Marshaling evidence from a wide array of international sources, including the black presses of the time, Penny M. Von Eschen offers a vivid portrayal of the African diaspora in its international heyday, from the 1945 Manchester Pan-African Congress to early cooperation with the United Nations.Race against Empire tells the poignant story of a popular movement and its precipitate decline with the onset of the Cold War. Von Eschen documents the efforts of African-American political leaders, intellectuals, and journalists who forcefully promoted anti-colonial politics and critiqued U.S. foreign policy. The eclipse of anti-colonial politics-which Von Eschen traces through African-American responses to the early Cold War, U.S. government prosecution of black American anti-colonial activists, and State Department initiatives in Africa-marked a change in the very meaning of race and racism in America from historical and international issues to psychological and domestic ones. She concludes that the collision of anti-colonialism with Cold War liberalism illuminates conflicts central to the reshaping of America; the definition of political, economic, and civil rights; and the question of who, in America and across the globe, is to have access to these rights.Exploring the relationship between anticolonial politics, early civil rights activism, and nascent superpower rivalries, Race against Empire offers a fresh perspective both on the emergence of the United States as the dominant global power and on the profound implications of that development for American society.

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