Patriots and Paupers carefully analyzes a crucial juncture in the history of a great city: Hamburg's passage from the pre-modern into the modern world. Despite the relative wealth of historical literature on Reformation Germany and on Germany after unification, few English-language histories have addressed the events of the eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries. Mary Lindemann here details issues associated with poor relief--indigency, mendicancy, public health, labor regulation, social control, and disciplining--then uses these as springboards to broader historical debates. She draws out