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La historia del Grial. Magia y misterio del mito artúrico

por Joseph Campbell

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"Joseph Campbell made the power of story undeniable through the power of his own storytelling. Editor Evans Lansing Smith here collects Campbell writings on Arthurian legends that make events like Merlin's death and the Lady of the Lake retrieving Excalibur not just vibrant but also central to the mythologist's thinking. Three cornerstones of Campbell's celebrated scholarship are found here. The Arthurian myths opened the world of comparative mythology to Campbell, turning his attention to the Near and Far Eastern roots of myth. Calling the Arthurian myths the world's first "secular mythology," Campbell found metaphors in them for human stages of growth, development, and psychology. Finally, the myths exemplify a kind of love Campbell called Amor in which individuals become more fully themselves through connection. Campbell's infectious delight in his discoveries makes them essential for anyone intrigued by the stories we tell - and the stories behind them"--… (más)
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Joseph Campbell was a professor of literature at Sarah Lawrence College, and wrote extensively about comparative mythology. His "hero's journey" theory has been extremely influential.

This book is a collection of his lectures and writings on the Arthurian adventures and Grail Quests of the Middle Ages, specifically the "Matter of Britain" stories of the 12th and 13th centuries. These are the stories, or the basis of the stories, of Arthur's court and its knights and ladies that we are most familiar with, and have nothing to do with the probable historical Arthur figure of the late 5th/early 6th centuries who may have led the Celtic Britons in resistance against the invading Saxons. If the historical Arthur existed, Arthur would have most likely been a nickname or title, not his name.

And that's not the Arthur Campbell was interested in. He was in it for the mythology, the fantastical adventures, the stories of the Grail, the Fisher King, the Dolorous Stroke, Tristan and Isolde. He makes it fascinating.

In these lectures, essays, and his previously unpublished master's thesis, "A Study of the Dolorous Stroke," he traces the origins of these myths and legends, the sources in Celtic mythology, influences from Greek, Islamic, and Indian myths and poetry, and the transition from originally religious mythology to perhaps the first secular mythology, influencing and influenced by the emerging customs of courtly love.

That Greek mythology would have influenced European poetry and story-telling is of course just a given. Islamic influence is also not very surprising, given that much of Spain was occupied by Muslims who had conquered the territory. I was initially quite startled by the idea of Indian influence. That seemed a reach--until I reminded myself of the Silk Road and the trade and communication between Muslims in Europe and the Middle East, and Muslims in India. The contributions to one of the most popular, influential, and lasting story cycles of Europe was truly not just international, but from the entire Eurasian world. That's part of why we see repeated themes told differently, including the "dolorous stroke" that wounded the Fisher King and made his kingdom a wasteland until the true and proper knight arrived to set things right, occurring several different times, with kings of different names. And while the "dolorous stroke" is most often from a spear, sometimes it's a sword.

There are even echoes of some of the Arthurian themes in African stories from cultures distant enough to wonder if this is influence, or an underlying theme arising in more than one culture.

It's interesting, complex, not always an easy read, but well worth the time and the effort. Highly recommended.

I received a copy of this book as a gift, and am reviewing it voluntarily. ( )
  LisCarey | Sep 28, 2022 |
I haven't read the main influences the author discussed in this book, so this disturbed my enjoyment of his comparisons. I did feel much of the book contained too many long quotes, and was not the best way to read the Arthurian Myths. I also feel that it would have been better to include some of the movie adaptations, but perhaps these did not exist when the author penned his work. If I were to study the Arthurian Myths I think I would enjoy this book much more. ( )
  AChild | Aug 10, 2021 |
Great addition to the Campbell library ( )
  Brightman | Mar 17, 2018 |
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The high period of the Arthurian romances is exactly that of the building of the cathedrals, the wonderful century from 1150 to 1250 A.D.
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"Joseph Campbell made the power of story undeniable through the power of his own storytelling. Editor Evans Lansing Smith here collects Campbell writings on Arthurian legends that make events like Merlin's death and the Lady of the Lake retrieving Excalibur not just vibrant but also central to the mythologist's thinking. Three cornerstones of Campbell's celebrated scholarship are found here. The Arthurian myths opened the world of comparative mythology to Campbell, turning his attention to the Near and Far Eastern roots of myth. Calling the Arthurian myths the world's first "secular mythology," Campbell found metaphors in them for human stages of growth, development, and psychology. Finally, the myths exemplify a kind of love Campbell called Amor in which individuals become more fully themselves through connection. Campbell's infectious delight in his discoveries makes them essential for anyone intrigued by the stories we tell - and the stories behind them"--

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