Focusing on an area roughly equivalent to the contemporary state of North Rhine-Westphalia, this description of popular religious life between 1830 and 1880 revises established positions of German historiography. It depicts the increasing laicization of the first half of the nineteenth century, with its mediocre church attendance and secularized morality, and goes on to show how the two decades after 1850 reversed the trend toward secularization. During the latter period, renewal of the people's loyalty to the church encouraged a developing political Catholicism. The author demonstrates that urbanization and industrialization may well have strengthened popular piety, rather than weakening it. He considers a variety of political implications of popular religious life, from the revolution of 1848/49 to the Kulturkampf of the 1870's, and see political Catholicism in Germany as arising not exclusively from church-state confrontations but from the interaction of new religious practices with a changing socioeconomic environment and a counter-revolutionary ideology. Jonathan Sperber is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Missouri--Columbia. Originally published in 1984.The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.