In 1930, 757,000 Jews lived in Romania. They constituted the third-largest Jewish community in Europe. Today not more than 14,000 Jews live in Romania, most of them elderly. The record of the Holocaust in Romania includes many curious chapters of betrayal and support, but they have been largely unavailable until now. Radu Ioanid's account, based upon unparalleled access to previously secret East European government archives, is an unprecedented analysis of heretofore purposely hidden materials. Archival records, published and unpublished reports, memoirs of survivors, letters - Dr. Ioanid uses all these elements to build an accurate perspective on Romanian policies of racism, anti-Semitism, and the extermination of Jews during the regime of Ion Antonescu.