Aperture 157 Steps in Space: A Special Millennium Issue Fall 1999 Once we looked longingly at the heavens from Earth; now we can observe Earth from the heavens. The moment we were able to look back at Earth from space marked a profound step in history. The development of the optical telescope corresponded with the growth of photography in the nineteenth century. Inextricably linked, cartography, astronomy, and photography have mapped our changing perceptions of ourselves. Steps in Space features early photographs of the sun and moon, as well as NASA images of Mars, and the astonishing images of the generation and decay of stars that the Hubble telescope has provided us in recent years. Against this background, the issue presents interpretive photographs by Kikuji Kawada, Hiro, Sophie Ristelhueber, and others, as well as works by Isamu Noguchi, Charles and Ray Eames, and Cai Guo-Qiang. Mark Holborn, former Aperture editor, is the guest editor of this issue. Photographers: Robert Adams, Marilyn Bridges, Charles and Ray Eames, Emmet Gowin, Kikuji Kawada, Josef Koudelka, Space Program NASA, Isamu Noguchi, Timothy O'Sullivan, Sophie Ristelhueber, James Turrell