There is little consolation in relating the particulars of the hostile operations along the northern borders of the United States, by Confederate soldiers from Canada, who were assigned to this service by the authorities of the Confederate States in 1864.

And yet the authentic narrative of this desperate warfare...may serve as a lesson and a guide to the present and future generations of our reunited country in determining the price of peace and the pretexts for war.

Confederate Operations in Canada and New York
John W. Hadley, 1906