2012-Classics In Their Own Country--Europe and Turkey

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1arubabookwoman
Editado: Feb 4, 2019, 4:19 pm

ETA #2

The 2019 version of this thread is no longer under construction and is now open for discussion.

ETA #1

2019 Welcome

I decided to use the 2012 threads for the year-long Classics in Their Own Country read because there is a lot of good information in the earlier threads. I have reserved paragraphs 36 to 42 below for a 2019 intro and an updated author/books list which will be coming soon. In the meantime feel free to peruse the 2012 entries.

From 2012:

Welcome to a year-long read of "Classics in Their Own Country." We are all familiar (or at least have heard of) many of the classics in the Western Canon. But what about the classics of Romania or Finland or other countries around the world? I was prompted to suggest this topic by a curiosity, maybe even a need, to know what other great books there are out there in the world that I might be missing.

But first, how do we know that a book is a "classic"? Is it a book people "praise and don't read" (Mark Twain), or "a bludgeon for preventing the free expression of beauty in new forms," (Oscar Wilde)?

All kidding aside, I like Italo Calvino's definition: "A classic is a book that has never finished saying what it has to say." In Calvino's view, whether a book is a classic is personal, and classics are not limited to books widely accepted as such: "There is nothing for it but for all of us to invent our own ideal libraries of classics."

Some other definitions of classics:

Ezra Pound: A book is a classic "because of a certain eternal and irrepressible freshness."

Michael Dirda: A classic "can be read again and again with ever-deepening pleasure."

Charles Augustin Sainte Beuve: "A true classic...is an author who has enriched the human mind, increased its treasure, and caused it to advance a step....{Books are classics} not because they are old, but because they are powerful, fresh, and healthy."

My suggestion would be that as we read these "Classics in Their Own Country" we consider and discuss:

--Is the book a classic, and why?

--What about the book is universal, and what is unique to its country or region?

--Are the themes, characters, and/or plots familiar or alien? Timeless or dated?

--Are these books similar to those of classics in the Western canon, or are they new or different?

--What is the context of the book--what was it influenced by or was it entirely novel? What influences did it have on subsequent literature?

--Would you include this book in your personal "library of classics"?

Above all: ENJOY!

7Samantha_kathy
Ene 9, 2012, 4:38 pm

Out of all of these authors only Danilo Kis is familiar to me; I read Garden, Ashes in 2008 - and hated it with a passion.

This month I am planning to read The Use of Man by Aleksandar Tisma. I know several of Tisma's works are considered classics, he's received more than one award, and The Use of Man received the NIN-Award in 1977 for Novel of the Year (according to wikipedia anyway). However, I have no clue if this book could be considered a classic in his own country. Anybody here more familiar with this author?

8rebeccanyc
Ene 10, 2012, 6:55 pm

I just read The Murderess by Alexandros Papadiamantis. At the beginning of this intense novella, Hadoula, a 60-ish woman living on a small Greek island in what appears to be the late 19th century, is watching her ailing infant granddaughter while her daughter sleeps. As she watches, she mentally reviews her life, and that of her parents and family, a life of hardship, especially for girls and women. Life has improved in some respects, in that the brigands and the Turks are gone and peace reigns on the island, but the men and women still have to scratch out a living from the rocky earth and the ever-present sea. Many of the young men have left for America, and parents are left to somehow find husbands and dowries for their daughters. Sons disappear, some go to jail, and daughters are a burden. And, as she muses and dozes, Hadoula unconsciously makes a fateful decision that sets into motion the rest of the book.

What stands out for me in this story is the vivid depiction of a time and a place in which the residents know every inch of ground, every risky path across the rocks, and every hidden cave on their remote island, and in which the past is still present in ruined castles and chapels, family is central, and nature is always at hand. As the translator notes in his introduction to the edition I read, at the time Papadiamantis was writing, in the 1890s, the Greek islands were 50 times further behind Athens than Athens was behind Paris and London. Despite some qualms about dialect the translator sometimes uses the somewhat melodramatic nature of the story, I couldn't put this book down, especially as it builds to its not unexpected conclusion.

9rocketjk
Ene 14, 2012, 1:37 pm

I'm reading I'm Not Stiller (Switzerland) right now. It's a very interesting, thought provoking and, quite often, humorous exploration of the nature of identity. I'm reading the Vintage Books edition, translated by Michael Bullock.

10DieFledermaus
Ene 24, 2012, 7:17 pm

I read The File on H by Ismail Kadare. It was written fairly recently but it is a bit hard to find translated works by Albanian authors. I'll have to check out Petro Marko.

I’ve enjoyed all the Kadares that I’ve read so far. Sometimes the story isn’t what I expected from reading the synopsis, but it’s still interesting. In Broken April, I thought the book would be mainly about Gjorg, a man who had finally fulfilled tradition by murdering his brother’s killer and had a month before the family of his victim was allowed to seek his death. Instead, Kadare describes the thoughts of others who are affected by the killing. In The File on H, I though the focus would be on the attempt to prove that the two scholars are spies, but much of the book was devoted to describing the research of the two men. However, the sections analyzing the epics and their changes were very involving.

Bill and Max are two Irish-American scholars who travel to Albania to record the epic poems of wandering rhapsodes in the 1930’s. The authorities believe they could possibly be spies and task the governor of N_ to watch them. While the pair becomes deeply involved in their research, they are unaware of the stir that they have caused. The governor communicates with his diligent spy and his wife fantasizes about having an affair with the men. Some of the men are disturbed by the newfangled tape recorder that the foreigners have brought with them. The stories of all of these characters are told through their own accounts and diaries as well as third person limited. Kadare based the story on a historical event, but the atmosphere of paranoia, spying and violence would be applicable to Albania under Enver Hoxha.

The parts describing the epics that Bill and Max record are fascinating though their research goals are overreaching. At first, Kadare subjects them to the same satirical lens that is aimed at the provincial townspeople. Their idea initially comes from listening to a program on the radio and they rather blithely think they’ll go and quickly learn the origin of Homer’s epics. However, once there they escape the curiosity of the inhabitants of N_ and get sucked into their work recording and analyzing the epics of rhapsodes – the same story from different people and the same rhapsode’s epic over time. Kadare’s prose is generally clean and efficient but he will occasionally go off on lyrical flights and often these flights describe hypotheses about the epics. Bill (it is mainly Bill who narrates or speculates in his diary) wonders about all the changes to epic poems over time; the additions and deletions; how a poem comes to resemble a fluid living thing; how this relates to Homer’s role as the codifier of the stories in the Iliad and the Odyssey (or who he really was – a group etc); and why the epics are currently dying. This is interesting but the disappearance of the scholars into their work represents an ignorance that soon turns dangerous.

The people of N_ are satirized for their provincial views - they regard the scholars, who want nothing more than to get away from them, as the biggest event in a long time and expect entertainment. The governor of N_ is shown to be in constant awe of his spy’s prose and thinks everything the scholars do is proof of their treachery. His wife is very shallow, the sort of woman depicted in the 19th century as corrupted by books. But Kadare also raises some interesting issues – the Serbian-Albanian conflict over whose epics are the originals, the whole subculture of spies, the culture of the rhapsodes.

There’s a lot of head-jumping, the governor’s wife is seriously annoying and some of the symbolism (Bill’s encroaching blindness and his end) are rather obvious, but I liked this book and would recommend it.

11Samantha_kathy
Feb 24, 2012, 3:48 pm

I read The Use of Man by Aleksandar Tisma, a Serbian author, of which my full review is here. I also read The Three-Arched Bridge by Ismail Kadare, review here.

I can heartily recommend both books.

12rebeccanyc
Editado: Mar 4, 2012, 10:21 am

I read The Tomb of Boris Davidovich by Danilo Kiš, which I've had since the 1980s when I bough a series edited by Philip Roth called Writers from the Other Europe. I decided to read it now for the Reading Globally theme read on Turkey and the Balkans, since the author (at the time he wrote the book) was a Yugoslav; now I suppose he would be considered a Serbian. On the surface, the book, billed as a short novel but really a series of stories connected by theme and occasionally by characters, is not about Yugoslavia, as all but one of the stories take place in revolutionary Russia and in its aftermath of the 1930s Stalinist show trials, but it obliquely sheds light on the kind of darkness that has fallen on all too many people and places, not only in the 20th century but also, as the chapter/story "Dogs and Books" makes clear, in medieval and other times.

The chapters/stories are essentially condensed biographies of fictional characters portrayed so vividly they could be real historical characters. Each is involved in some way in the revolution, and each ultimately falls victim of the 1930s purges. The fascination of the book lies in Kiš's writing,both classically descriptive and modern, his ability to characterize these people, portray the insanity of the Stalinist system, and occasionally make the reader laugh. (The medieval story deals with the inquisition and pogroms against Jews.) In the introduction to my edition, Joseph Brodsky writes, "Only the names here are fictitious. The story, unfortunately, is absolutely true; one would wish it were the other way around." I will be looking for more of Kiš's work.

Some thoughts on this as a classic: This is both a very time- and place-specific book and at the same time a timeless one, unfortunately, as the inclusion of the medieval story indicates. I think it can stand up to other books about the Stalinist purges, but whether it will stand the test of time (it was written in the 1970s) I don't know.

13rebeccanyc
Mar 4, 2012, 11:17 am

I am wondering how books written in Yiddish would fit into this classics in their own country theme. There are definitely classics of Yiddish literature, and yet their writers came from Russia and all over Eastern Europe and no longer have a country to call their own. In any case, I just finished and reviewed a book by one of the leading lights of Yiddish literature, Sholem Aleichem, Adventures of Mottel, the Cantor's Son.

14Polaris-
Mar 5, 2012, 1:41 pm

Tricky one Rebecca! I would consider assigning any particular Yiddish classic to the country (or at least its modern geographical replacement) where the story is predominantly set? I concede that this is a far from satisfying solution, as I wonder just how much such writers as Sholem Aleichem or Isaac Bashevis Singer are actually valued or at all known in the countries where they were born? Singer was Polish-born, but I'm not sure about SA? Presumably it's either Poland, Russia, Belarus or Ukraine.

I'd love to hear from any native Poles, Ukrainians, or Russians etc., who could enlighten us.

15Polaris-
Mar 5, 2012, 1:45 pm

#13 - I forgot to mention my appreciation for your review of the aforementioned Adventures of Mottel... Looks like another gem, even with the somewhat flat translation.

16rebeccanyc
Mar 5, 2012, 7:19 pm

Well, I doubt they are read much in those countries now, since there are so few Jews left in them, and I'm quite sure they were mostly read by the Jews when they did live there, since they tended to live in their own communities (in sthtetls or within cities). Also, the borders have shifted so much, especially in the general Poland/Russia etc. area, that what was one country when someone was born could have been two others by the time he died. I generally think of Sholem Aleichem having lived in the greater Russian empire before he came to the US, but Wikipedia tells me where he was born is now part of Ukraine. I guess I'm answering my own question by saying I think Yiddish works would not be considered classics in their country of origin, but could be considered classics of a now homeless Yiddish literature.

17rocketjk
Mar 5, 2012, 10:22 pm

"Yiddish works would not be considered classics in their country of origin, but could be considered classics of a now homeless Yiddish literature."

I agree with this.

18StevenTX
Mar 5, 2012, 11:41 pm

I've completed Fortunata and Jacinta by Benito Pérez Galdós, considered one of the greatest Spanish novels since Don Quixote. It's a complex love triangle, but also a highly detailed portrait of life in Madrid in the 1870s, a time of constant political upheaval. My full review is on the work page.

19SassyLassy
Mar 6, 2012, 10:47 am

I have been thinking about the Yiddish books too. I don't think any of these authors would have given their primary identification as Russian, Ukrainian and so on, so in that sense, they wouldn't be classics in their own country. I was looking for other Yiddish writing yesterday from areas other than the obvious, and came up with Yiddish South of the Border: An Anthology of Latin American Yiddish Writing, edited by Alan Astro. The brief Amazon excerpt made it appear that these writers were somewhat more engaged in the secular world, but it would be interesting to compare them with the better known Yiddish writers from European countries. It also seems there must have been Yiddish writers in Israel. Maybe we could have a category for homeless Yiddish literature, as it is truly distinct?

20rebeccanyc
Mar 6, 2012, 10:59 am

Not Yiddish, but I've read some interesting books by/about Jews in South and Central America including, last year, The Moldavian Pimp by Edgardo Cozarinsky.

21arubabookwoman
Mar 16, 2012, 2:10 pm

Yes--I think we should have a separate category for Yiddish literature. Since the literature may come from different regions (primarily Israel and Europe I would guess), let's just have a separate category for Yiddish on each of the region threads.

22Polaris-
Mar 18, 2012, 9:35 am

#21 - I'd agree with that.

23rebeccanyc
Jun 2, 2012, 10:31 am

Since I just reread The Master and Margarita by Mikhail Bulgakov for a group read in Club Read, I thought I'd post my original review, from 2010, here too.

I loved this book, but am having trouble figuring out what to say about it because it exists on so many levels: the literal, the fantastic, the satirical, the metaphysical, the humorous, the chilling, the theatrical, and the romantic.

The story begins when the devil, known as Woland, along with some of his entourage (including a large talking cat), comes to Moscow, presumably in the 1930s, and engages a poet and an editor in conversation about the existence of Christ (religion was completely forbidden in Stalinist Russia). From this beginning, the devil, in a not entirely unpleasant way, wreaks havoc in Moscow, mostly among the literary and theatrical establishments, and notably when he conducts a theatrical event of his own. The second part of the book focuses on the master, a writer, and his lover Margarita, and the pact she makes with the devil, which leads among other things to her acting as the hostess at the devil's ball. Interwoven through both parts is the somewhat distorted story of the crucifixion, from the perspective of Pontius Pilate, told first by the devil to the poet and editor and then from the book that the master is writing about that very subject.

But this book is so much more than the plot and another version of the Faust legend. Without ever mentioning Stalin or what daily life had become in 1930s Russia, Bulgakov depicts the horror and terror of the times through Woland's actions and people's responses. We see several of the other issues of the time -- housing, foreign currency, and of course bureaucracy -- through the lens of the story, as Bulgakov explores themes of guilt, love, betrayal, and, especially, courage and cowardice. His use of language - as translated by the admirable Richard Pevear and Larissa Volokhonsky in my edition -- is wonderful, especially in some of the great dramatic scenes of storms, Woland's theatrical event and ball, and characters turning into witches. The story of Pontius Pilate both reinforces the Moscow story and comments on it: as Richard Pevear points out in his insightful introduction, terror is not a 20th century invention.

I could go on and on, but I will just note that my edition included very helpful end notes that identified many of the literary and other references in the book.

24rebeccanyc
Jul 22, 2012, 7:24 pm

I read Ashes and Diamonds by Jerzy Andrzejewski, originally published in 1948. You can read my review here. In thinking about what makes this book a classic, and it is considered one of the best postwar Polish works, I would say that although it deals with a very specific time and place (a Polish town in the fluid if not chaotic days right at the end of the second world war), it explores issues that people must confront after every war and in every situation in which it isn't clear what is going to happen. Andzewjewski shows the varied ways in which humans react to inhumanity.

25lilisin
Jul 23, 2012, 7:21 pm

Just finished reading La Reine Margot by Alexandre Dumas and loved it. A classic in the sense that Dumas characters forever live in the hearts of the French. Whether it's because of a required reading, or all the references to his works, Dumas is a character within himself in French history. It would be hard to find a French person who doesn't know he is and that makes him and his works, a classic.

And I think this rings true for most of the French classic authors. I was looking through the suggestion of French works and was surprised not to see Hugo, Duras, Zola, de Balzac. Granted, France has such a great history of literature that it would be hard to include all of the great authors. These authors are often not picked up based on one book but moreso on their entire work. One can pretty much trust that any book you pick up by one of these authors will be well liked. And I think that's what makes the French classics.

(I apologize for any jumbled thoughts. I just finished reading the Dumas so I'm still in French mode. Plus some caffeine from drinking a soda has made me all jittery.)

26JMC400m
Jul 24, 2012, 5:59 pm

#25 Did you by any chance see the movie with Isabelle Adjani of the Reine Margot?

27lilisin
Jul 25, 2012, 1:04 pm

The cover of my book has a still from the Isabelle Adjani movie on it so I was hoping to watch that movie. Next I go to the video store I'll have to see if they have it.

28rebeccanyc
Jul 28, 2012, 10:40 am

I've just finished White Guard by Mikhail Bulgakov, which takes place in Kiev during the Russian civil war. Written in 1923-1924, it wasn't published until the 1960s, and was translated into English in 2008. You can read my review here. It is a classic combination of the story of a family with the story of a chaotic and dangerous time, interesting both for the specifics of the time and place and for its depiction of the impact of war, and wonderfully written.

29rebeccanyc
Ago 12, 2012, 10:13 am

I recently read Germinal by Émile Zola, which depicts the horrific life of coal miners in 1860s France, and the drama of a strike. It is a classic not only for portraying this world so vividly, but because it is a compelling and exciting story of how people react to exploitation that has ramifications for the world we live in today. You can read my review here.

30rebeccanyc
Ago 24, 2012, 12:37 pm

I just finished my second Zola, L'Assommoir, which depicts the life of the working class in the Parisian slums in the 1850s; as with Germinal, Zola portrays this world vividly. You can read my reveiw here.

31Samantha_kathy
Ago 28, 2012, 1:50 pm

I just bought a copy of One Moldavian Summer by Ionel Teodoreanu, published 1925-1927 as the first part in a trilogy, mainly because of the setting. I am counting this book for Moldova, since this set in Moldavia, which was a separate principality but whose territory is now divided between modern-day Romania and modern-day Moldova. (To confuse matters, the Romanian for Moldavia is Moldova). I had no idea it was considered one of the greatest classics in Romanian literature until I read the preface.

"It can safely be said that it ranks among the best loved novels in Romanian Literature; almost any Romanian can tell you about the three principal heroes of the story."

It's also considered to be Teodoreanu's finest novel and one of the best examples of a 'childhood story'.

Who knew travelling around Europe through books would get me to discover and read a classic from Romania?

32rocketjk
Ago 28, 2012, 3:39 pm

#31> Cool beans!

33rebeccanyc
Ago 31, 2012, 12:58 pm

My third Zola was the first in the Rougon-Macquart series. My review is here.

34rebeccanyc
Sep 11, 2012, 3:44 pm

I just finished and reviewed Zola's Nana and my review is here.

35rebeccanyc
Sep 23, 2012, 12:43 pm

And now I've finished The Kill, Zola's second novel in the Rougon-Macquart cycle; my review is here.

36arubabookwoman
Editado: Feb 4, 2019, 4:17 pm

2019 INTRODUCTION

Welcome to the year-long Classics in Their Own Country read for 2019. There are several threads for this read, divided roughly into regions of the world; this thread covers the countries of Europe and Turkey. Hopefully, the various threads will not be too hard to keep track of.

I decided not to reinvent the wheel in setting up the 2019 threads, and so merely continued with, updated, and hopefully improved the 2012 threads. If you have not already done so, feel free to peruse Paragraphs 1-35 of this thread, where there are many great recommendations, reviews and comments from 2012.

In the following paragraphs, I am listing by European country (alphabetically) authors (chronologically) who have written books recognized as "classics." as well as authors whose books may be considered as "potential classics." (Or not.) I tried to include a few book titles for each of the authors listed, and though I've put a lot of effort into making sure the touchstones link correctly, LT seems to make it particularly difficult where more obscure titles are involved. So let me know if you find any errors.

Obviously, some countries have a rich and long literary heritage, and there are many, many candidates for those countries. For some countries, I could find only a few candidates, and sometimes those were relatively recent.

A few words on how I picked the books included: I interpreted the term "classics" very liberally. I wanted there to be lots of books to choose from, so I erred on the side of inclusivity. I wanted to include not only recognized classics, but also books that have been around awhile that people are still reading, books that are being studied in schools, books that a country seems to feel a particular pride about "owning," and in some cases just books that sounded interesting or important to me. Wherever possible I tried not to include too many recently published books, using an informal cut-off date of 2000, but there are a few 21st century books included.

I know we have lots of LT members from countries other than the US or UK, so feel free to let us know of books/authors from your country that you think should be included. Also, I mostly tried to include only books that had at one time or another been translated into English, and you may be aware other books that have not been translated (or not into English) that you feel should be included.

Back in 2012, I suggested that in reading/commenting for this theme, we should consider:

--Is the book a classic, and why?

--What about the book is universal, and what is unique to its country or region?

--Are the themes, characters, and/or plots familiar or alien? Timeless or dated?

--Are these books similar to those of classics in the Western canon, or are they new or different?

--What is the context of the book--what was it influenced by or was it entirely novel? What influences did it have on subsequent literature?

--Would you include this book in your personal "library of classics"?

These are only suggestions for discussion. Most of all, I hope everyone finds lots of books that interest them, reads a few, and enjoys the journey!

37arubabookwoman
Editado: Ene 22, 2019, 4:02 pm

ALBANIA

Jeronim De Rada (1814-1903 Poetry

Gjergj Fishta 1871-1940 Poetry "The Highland Lute"

Petro Marko (1913-1991) One Night and Two Dawns

Ismail Kadare b. 1936 The General of the Dead Army (1963); The Siege (1970); Chronicle in Stone (1971); The Three-Arched Bridge (1978); The File on H (1981); Spring Flowers, Spring Frost (2000)

AUSTRIA

Bertha von Suttner (1843-1914) Lay Down Your Arms (1906 Nobelist (Peace Prize)

Adalbert Stifter (1805-1868) Rock Crystal (1845); Indian Summer (1847)
(1857)

Arthur Schnitzler (1862-1931) Theresa (1928); The Road Into the Open (1928)

Rainier Maria Rilke (1875-1926) Poetry

Robert Musil (1880-1942) Young Torless (1906); The Man Without Qualities (1930-1943);

Stefan Zweig (1881-1989) Amok (1922); Beware of Pity (1939); Chess Story (1941); The Post Office Girl

Hermann Broch (1886-1951) The Death of Virgil (1945)

Franz Werfel (1890-1945) The Forty Days of Musa Dagh (1933); The Song of Bernadette (1941)

Joseph Roth (1894-1939) Job (1930); The Radetzky March (1932)

Thomas Bernhard (1931-1989) Wittgenstein's Nephew (1982); Concrete (1982); Woodcutters (1984)

Peter Handke (b. 1942) The Goalie's Anxiety at the Penalty Kick (1970); A Sorrow Beyond Dreams (1973); Short Letter, Long Farewell
(1972)

Elfriede Jelinek (b. 1946) Nobelist Women As Lovers (1975); The Piano Teacher (1983)

Christoph Ransmayr (b. 1954) The Last World (1988); The Dog King (1995)

ANDORRA

Albert Salvado Miras (b. 1951) The Teacher of Cheops (1998)

AZERBIJAN

Nizami Ganjavi (1140-1209)

Mahammad Fuzuli (1494-1556)

Mirza Fatali Akhundzade (1812-1878)

Kurban Said (1905-1942) Ali and Nino (1937)

AZORES

Joao de Melo (b.1949) My World Is Not of This Kingdom (1983)

BELARUS

Vasil Bykov (1924-2003) Sign of Misfortune (1982)

BELGIUM

Hendrik Conscience (1812- 1883) The Lion of Flanders (1838)--"the father of modern Flemish literature"

Maurice Maeterlinck (1862-1949) Nobelist Pelleas et Melisande (1892); Poetry

Stijn Streuvels (1871-1969) The Path of Life (1900); The Flaxfield (1907)

Felix Timmermans (1886-1947) Pallieter (1916)

Willem Elsschot (1882-1960) Cheese (1933)

Georges Simenon (1903-1989) Pedigree (1948); The Man Who Watched the Trains Go By (1938); Inspector Maigret Novels

Louis Paul Boon (1912-1979) My Little War (1947); Chapel Road (1953)

Hugo Claus (1929- 2008) Wonder (1962); The Sorrow of Belgium (1983)

BOSNIA

Isak Samokovlija (1889-1955) In the Steps of Life (1948)

Ivo Andric (1892-1975) Nobelist Bridge on the Drina (1945); Bosnian Chronicle (1963)

Mesa Selimovic (1910-1982) Death and the Dervish (1966)

BULGARIA

Ivan Vazov (1850-1921) Under the Yoke (1893)

Aleko Konstantinov (1863-1897) Bai Ganyo

Elias Canetti (1905-1994) Nobelist Auto da Fe

38arubabookwoman
Editado: Ene 30, 2019, 1:14 am

CROATIA

Miroslav Krleza (1893-1981) The Return of Philip Latinowicz (1932); On the Edge of Reason (1938)

Antun Soljan (1932-1993) A Brief Excursion (1976)

Dubravka Ugresic (b. 1939) The Museum of Unconditional Surrender (1996); Baba Yaga Laid An Egg (2011)

CZECHOSLOVAKIA

Franz Kafka (1883-1924) The Metamorphosis (1915); The Castle (1926); The Trial (1925); Amerika (1927)

Jaroslav Hasek (1883-1923) The Good Soldier Svejk (1920's)

Karel Capek (1890-1938) R.U.R. (1920); War With the Newts (1936)

Bohumil Hrabal (1914-1997) Closely Watched Trains (1965); I Served the King of England (1971); Too Loud a Solitude (1977)

Josef Skvorecky (1924-2012) The Engineer of Human Souls (1977)

Arnost Lustig (1926-2011) Dita Saxova (1962); Lovely Green Eyes (2004)

Pavel Kohout (b. 1928) The Hangwoman (1978); White Book (1970)

Milan Kundera (b. 1929) The Joke (1967); The Unbearable Lightness of Being (1984)

Ivan Klima (b.1931) Waiting for the Dark, Waiting for the Light (1994)

Jiri Grusa (1938-2011) The Questionnaire (1978)

DENMARK

Hans Christian Andersen (1805-1875)

Soren Kierkegaard (1813-1855)

Henrik Pontoppidan (1857-1943) Nobelist The Promised Land (1896) Lucky Per (1898-1904)

Karl Gjellerup (1857-1919) Nobelist

Jeppe Aakjaer (1866-1930) The Peasant's Son (1899); Children of Wrath: A Hired Man's Saga (1904)

Martin Andersen Nexo (1869-1954) Pelle the Conqueror (1906-1910)

Johannes V. Jensen (1873-1950) Nobelist

Karen Blixen (Isak Dinesen) (1885-1962) Out of Africa (1937)

Klaus Rifbjerg (1931-2015) Witness to the Future (1981)

Henrik Stangerup (1937-1998) The Man Who Wanted to Be Guilty (1973)

Hans Kirk (1898-1962) The Fishermen (1928)

ESTONIA

Oskar Luts (1887-1953) Spring (1912-13); Summer (1918-1919)

Jaan Kross (1920-2007)The Czar's Madman (1978); Professor Marten's Departure (1984)

FAROE ISLANDS

Jorgen-Frantz Jacobsen (1900-1938) Barbara (1939)

William Heinesen (1900-1991) Windswept Dawn (1934); The Black Cauldron (1949); The Lost Musicians (1950); The Good Hope (1964)

Heoin Bru (1901-1987) The Old Man and His Sons (1940)

Gunnar Hoydal (b. 1941) Under Southern Stars (1992)

FINLAND

Aleksis Kivi (1834-1872) Seven Brothers ( 1870)--1st novel published in Finnish

Frans Eemil Sillanpaa (1888-1964) Nobelist Meek Heritage (1919)

Mika Waltari (1909-1979) The Egyptian (1945)

Tove Jansson (1914-2001) The Summer Book (1972); The True Deceiver (1982); Fair Play (1989)

Vaino Linna (1920-1992) Under the North Star (1959); The Unknown Soldier (1958)

Marja-Liisa Vartio (1924-1966) The Parson's Widow (1967)

Veijo Meri (1928-2015) The Manila Rope (1967)

Arto Paasilinna (b. 1942) The Year of the Hare (1975); The Howling Miller (1981)

FRANCE

Christine de Pizan (1364-1430) The Book of the City of Ladies (1405)

Anonymous The Song of Roland (c.1040-1115)

Francois Rabelais (c.1483-1553) Gargantua and Pantagruel (c. 1532)

Madame de Lafayette (1634-1693) The Princess of Cleves (1678)

Abbe Prevost (1697-1763) Manon Lescaut (1731)

Voltaire (1694-1778) Candide (1759)

Jean Jacques Rousseau (1712-1778) Julie, or the New Heloise (1761)

Denis Diderot (1713-1784) Encyclopedie (1750-65)

Pierre Choderlos de Laclos (1741-1803) Dangerous Liaisons (1782)

Marquis de Sade (1740-1814) Justine (1791)

Stendahl (1783-1842) The Red and the Black (1830); The Charterhouse of Parma (1839)

Honore de Balzac (1799-1850) La Comedie Humaine which includes Pere Goriot (1835); Lost Illusions (1837-43); Eugenie Grandet (1833); Cousin Bette (1840), and many other novels

Alexandre Dumas (1802-1870) The Count of Montecristo (1844)

Victor Hugo (1802-1885) Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831); Les Miserables (1862)

Gustave Flaubert (1821-1880) Madame Bovary (1857)

Jules Verne (1828-1905) Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864); Around the World in Eighty Days (1873)

Emile Zola (1840-1902) The Rougon-Macquart Cycle, including Germinal (1885); La Terre (1887); LAssomoir (1877); Nana (1880), and many others

Anatole France (1844-1924) Nobelist Thais (1890); The Crime of Sylvestre Bonnard (1881); Penguin Island ( (1908); Revolt of the Angels (1914)

Joris-Karl Huysmans (1848-1907) Against the Grain (1884)

Guy de Maupassant (1850-1893) Bel Ami (1865); Pierre et Jean (1887)

Andre Gide (1869-1951) Nobelist The Immoralist (1902); Strait Is the Gate (1909); The Conterfeiters (1925)

Marcel Proust (1871-1922) In Search of Lost Time (1913-1927)

Collette (1873-1954) Gigi (1944)

Henri Barbusse (1873-1935) Under Fire (1916)

Roger Martin Du Gard (1881-1958) Nobelist Jean Barois (1913); The Thibaults (1922)

Francois Mauriac (1885-1970) Nobelist Therese Desqueyroux (1927); The Viper's Tangle (1932)

Louis-Ferdinand Celine(1894-1961) Journey to the End of the Night (1932) Death on the Installment Plan (1936)

Marcel Pagnol (1895-1974) My Father's Glory and My Mother's Castle (1957); Jean de Florette and Manon des Sources (1962)

Andre Breton (1896-1966) Nadja (1928)

Nathalie Sarraute (1900-1999) Tropisms (1939); Martereau (1953)

Andre Malraux (1901-1976) Man's Fate (1933)

Raymond Queneau (1903-1976) Exercises in Style (1947)

Jean-Paul Sartre (1905-1980) Nausea (1938)

Simone de Beauvoir (1908-1986) The Mandarins (1954); The Second Sex (1949)

Albert Camus (1913-1960) Nobelist The Stranger (1942); The Plague (1947)

Claude Simon (1913-2005) Nobelist The Flanders Road (1960); The Acacia (1989)

Marguerite Duras (1914-1996) The Lover (1984)

Robert Pinget (1919-1997) Mahu or the Material (1966); The Inquisitory (1982)

Boris Vian (1920-1959) Froth on the Daydream (1949)

Jean Dutourd (1920-2011) A Dog's Head (1950)

Alain Robbe-Grillet (1922-2008) The Voyeur (1955)

Michel Tournier (b. 1924) Friday (1967); The Ogre (1970)

Georges Perec (1936-1982) Life, A User's Manual (1978); A Void (1969)

J.M.G. Le Clezio (b. 1940) Nobelist The Interrogation (1963); Desert (1980)

Patrick Modiano (b. 1945) Nobelist Missing Persons (1980); Dora Bruder(1997)

Michel Houellebecq (b. 1956) Atomised (1998); Platform (2001)

39arubabookwoman
Editado: Ene 29, 2019, 2:10 pm

GERMANY

Goethe (1749-1832) The Sorrows of Young Werther (1774); Faust (1772)

E.T.A. Hoffmann (1776-1882) The Nutcracker and the Mouse King (1816)

Heinrich von Kleist (1777-1811) Michael Kohlhaas (1808); The Marquis of O (1808)

Theodor Storm (1817-1888) The Rider on the White Horse (1888); Pole Poppenspaler (1874)

Theodor Fontane (1819-1898) Effi Briest (1895)

Gerhart Hauptman (1862-1946) Nobelist The Weavers (1892); The Rats (1911)

Heinrich Mann (1871-1950) Professor Unrat (1905); Young Henry of Navarre (1930's); Henry, King of France (1930's)

Jakob Wasserman (1873-1934) Caspar Hauser (1908)

Thomas Mann (1875-1955) Nobelist Buddenbrooks (1901); The Magic Mountain (1924); Joseph and His Brothers (1926-43); Doctor Faustus (1947)

Herman Hesse (1877-1962) Nobelist Demian (1919); Steppenwolf (1927); Siddhartha (1951)

Alfred Doblin (1878-1957) Berlin Alexanderplatz (1929)

Arnold Zweig (1887-1968) The Case of Sergeant Grischa (1927)

Hans Fallada (1893-1947) Little Man, What Now? (1932); Every Man Dies Alone (1947)

Ernst Junger (1895-1998) Storm of Steel (1920)

Erich Maria Remarque (1898-1970) All Quiet on the Western Front (1928)

Anna Seghers (1900-1983) The Seventh Cross (1939); Transit (1944)

Wolfgang Koeppen (1906-1996) Pigeons on the Grass (1951); The Hothouse (1953); Death in Rome (1956)

Arno Schmidt (1914-1979) Evening Edged in Gold (1975); The School for Atheists (1972)

Heinrich Boll (1917-1985) Nobelist Billiards at Half-Past Nine (1959); Group Portrait With Lady (1971); And Never Said a Word (1953)

Gunter Grass (1927-2015) Nobelist The Tin Drum (1959); Cat and Mouse (1961); Dog Years (1965)

Christa Wolf (1929-2011) The Quest for Christa T (1968); Patterns of Childhood (1976); Cassandra (1983)

Irmtraud Morgner (1933-1990) The Life and Adventures of Trobadora Beatrice (1974)

Uwe Johnson (1934-1984) Anniversaries (1970--)

Ulrich Plenzdorf (1934-2007) The New Sufferings of Young W. (1973)

W.G. Sebald (1944-2001) The Emigrants (1992); Austerlitz (2001)

Christoph Hein (b. 1944) The Distant Lover (19820

Christoph Ransmayr (b. 1954) The Last World (1991); The Dog King (1997)

GREECE

Alexandros Papadiamantis (1851-1911) Tales From a Greek Island; The Murderess (1903)

Nikos Kazantzakis (1883-1957) Zorba the Greek (1946)

Stratis Myrivilis (1890-1969) Life in the Tomb (1924)

Giorgos Seferis (1900-1971) Nobelist Poetry

Odysseus Elytis (1911-1996) Nobelist Poetry

Aris Alexandrou (1922-1979) Mission Box (1974)

Costas Taktsis (1927-1988) The Third Wedding (1962)

Vassilis Vassilikos (b. 1934) Z. (1966)

Yoryis Yatromanolakis (b.1940) The Spiritual Meadow (1974)

Eugenia Fakinou (b. 1945) The Seventh Garment (1983)

Margarita Karapanou (1946-2008) Kassandra and the Wolf (1974)

Apostolos Doxiadis (b. 1953) Uncle Petros and Goldbach's Conjecture (1992)

HUNGARY

Geza Gardonyi (1863-1922) Eclipse of the Crescent Moon (1899) Voted the nation's favorite book

Miklos Banffy (1873-1950) Transylvanian Trilogy (1934-40)

Gyula Krudy (1878-1933) The Adventures of Sinbad (1911); Sunflower (1918)

Dezso Kosztolanyi (1885-1936) Kornel Esti (1933); Skylark (1920's); Anna Edes (1926)

Sandor Marai (1900-1989) Embers (1942)

Antal Szerb (1901-1945) Journey by Moonlight (1937); The Pendragon Legend (1933); The Queen's Necklace (1943)

Magda Szabo (1917-2007) The Door (1987)

Imre Kertesz (1929-2016) Nobelist Fatelessness (1975); Kaddish for an Unborn Child (1990)

George Konrad (b. 1933) The Case Worker (1969); The City Builder (1975)

Peter Nadas (b. 1942) A Book of Memories (1986)

Peter Esterhazy (1950-2016) Celestial Harmonies (2000)

Laszlo Krasznahorkai (b. 1954) Satantango (1985); Melancholy of Resistance (1989); War and War (1999)

ICELAND

Snorri Sturluson (1179-1249) Prose Edda (c. 1220)

Halldor Laxness (1902-1998) Nobelist Independent People (1934-5); Iceland's Bell (1943-46)

40arubabookwoman
Editado: Ene 30, 2019, 1:06 am

ITALY

Dante (1265-1321) The Divine Comedy (1320)

Giovanni Boccaccio (1313-1375) The Decameron (1353)

Niccolo di Machiavelli (1469-1527) The Prince (1513)

Alessandro Manzoni (1785-1873) The Betrothed (1827)

Giovanni Verga (1840-1922) The House by the Medlar Tree (1881)

Frederico de Roberto (1861- 1927) The Viceroys (1894)

Emilio Salgari (1862-1911) Sandokan: The Tigers of Mompracem (1899)--Greatest Italian best-seller of all time

Gabriele D'Annunzio (1863-1938) The Child of Pleasure (1889); Giovanni Episcopo (1891); The Intruder (1892)

Grazia Deledda (1871-1936) Nobelist After the Divorce (1902; Reeds in the Wind (1913); Cosima (1937)

Italo Svevo (1861-1928) Zeno's Conscience (1923)

Luigi Pirandello (1867-1936) Nobelist The Late Mattia Pascal (1904); Six Characters in Search of an Author (1921)

Giuseppe di Lampedusa (1892-1957) The Leopard (1958)

Carlo Emilio Gadda (1893-1973) That Awful Mess on the Via Merulana (1957)

Ignazio Silone (1900-1978) Bread and Wine (1937)

Carlo Levi (1902-1975) Christ Stopped at Eboli (1945)

Dino Buzzati (1906-1972) The Tartar Steppe (1940)

Alberto Moravia (1907-1990) The Conformist (1951); Contempt (1954); Two Women (1957); The Time of Indifference (1929)

Cesare Pavese (1908-1950) The Harvesters; The Moon and Bonfires (1950)

Elsa Morante (1912-1985) History: A Novel (1974)

Giorgio Bassani (1916-2000) The Garden of the Finzi-Continis (1962)

Natalia Ginzburg (1916-1991) All Our Yesterdays (1952); The City and the House (1984)

Primo Levi (1919-1987) If This Is a Man (1947); The Periodic Table (1975)

Gesualdo Bufalino (1920-1996) The Plague Sower (1981)

Leonardo Sciascia (1921-1989) The Day of the Owl (1961); To Each His Own (1964)

Italo Calvino (1923-1985) Cosmicomics (1965); Invisible Cities (1972); If On a Winter's Night a Traveler (1979); The Baron in the Trees (1957)

Umberto Eco (b.1932) The Name of the Rose (1980)

Dacia Maraini (b. 1936) The Age of Malaise(1963); Isolina (1986)

Claudio Magris (b. 1939) A Different Sea (19910

Antonio Tabucchi (1943-2012) The Missing Head of Damasceno Monteiro (1997)

KAZAKHSTAN

Yury Dombrovsky (1909-1978) The Keeper of Antiquities (1964); The Faculty of Useless Knowledge (1978)

KYRGYZSTAN

Chingiz Aitmatov (1928-2008) The Day Lasts More Than A Hundred Years (1981); Jamilia (1958)

Hamid Ismailov (b. 1954) The Railway (1987)

LATVIA

Alberts Bels (b. 1938) The Cage (1972)

LITHUANIA

Icchokas Meras (1934-2014) Stalemate (1963)

Ricardas Gavelis (1950-2002) Vilnius Poker (1989)

NETHERLANDS

Multatuli (1820-1887) Max Havelaar (1860)

Louis Couperous (1863-1923) Eline Vere (1888); The Hidden Force (1900); Old People and the Things that Pass (1906)

Ferdinand Bordewijk(1884-1965) Blocks (1931); Character (1938)

Hella Haasse (1918-2011) The Tea Lords; The Black Lake (1948); In a Dark Wood Wandering (1949)

Willem Frederik Hermans (1921-1995) The Darkroom of Damocles (1958); Beyond Sleep (1966)

Gerard Reve (1923-2006) The Fourth Man (1981)

Jan Wolkers (1925-2007) Turkish Delight (1969); The Dog with the Blue Tongue (1964)

Harry Mulisch (1927-2010) The Assault (1982); The Discovery of Heaven (1992)

NORWAY

Henrik Ibsen (1828-1906) Peer Gynt (1867); A Doll's House (1879); Hedda Gabler (1891); Ghosts (1881); Wild Duck (1884)

Bjornstjerne Bjornson (1832-1910) Nobelist Poetry

Jonas Lie (1833-1908) The Pilot and His Wife (1876); The Family at Gilje (1883)

Amalie Skram (1846-1905) Lucie (1888); Under Observation (1895)

Alexander Kielland (1849-1906); Poison (1883)

Knut Hamsun (1859-1952) Nobelist Hunger (1890); Mysteries (1892); Growth of the Soil (1917)

Ole Rolvaag (1876-1931) Giants in the Earth (1924-25)

Cora Sandel (1880-1974) Alberta and Jacob (1926); Alberta and Freedom (1931); Alberta Alone (1931)

Sigrid Undset (1882-1949) Nobelist Kristen Lavransdatter (Trilogy 1920-1922); Master of Hestviken (Tetralogy 1925-27)

Tarjei Vesaas (1897-1970) The Ice Palace (1963); The Birds (1957); Spring Night (1954)

Dag Solstad (b. 1941) Novel 11 Book 18 (1992); Professor Andersen's Night (1996); Shyness and Dignity (1994)

Lars Saabye Christensen (b. 1953) Beatles (1984); The Half Brother (2001)

POLAND

Henryk Sienkiewicz (1846-1916) Nobelist Quo Vadis (1895-6)

Boleslaw Prus (1847-1912) Pharaoh (1897); The Doll (1887-89)

Wladyslaw Reymont (1867-1925) Nobelist The Peasants (1904-1909)

Stanislaw Ignacy Witkiewicz (1885-1939) Insatiability (1939)

Bruno Schulz (1892-1942) The Street of Crocodiles (1934)

Aleksander Wat (1900- 1967) Lucifer Unemployed (1927)

Witold Gombrowicz (1904-1969) Ferdyduke (1937)

Jerzy Andrzejewski (1909-1983) Ashes and Diamonds (1948)

Czeslaw Milosz (1911-2004) Nobelist Issa Valley (1955)

Kazimierz Brandys (1916-2000) Rondo (1982)

Stanislaw Lem (1921-2006) Solaris (1961)

Wislawa Szymborska (1923-2002) Nobelist Poetry

Andrzej Szczypiorski (1924-2000) The Beautiful Mrs. Seidenman (1986)

Tadeusz Konwicki (1926-2015) A Dreambook For Our Time (1963); The Polish Complex (1979)

Pawel Huelle (b. 1957) Who Was David Weiser? (1987)

41arubabookwoman
Editado: Feb 4, 2019, 3:38 pm

PORTUGAL

Luis Vaz de Camoes (1524-1580) Poetry

Jose Maria Eca de Queiros (1845-1900) The Maias (1888); The Crime of Father Amaro (1875); Cousin Bazilio (1878); Tragedy of the Street of Flowers (posthumous)

Fernando Pessoa (1888-1935) The Book of Disquiet (1982)

Jose Saramago (1922-2010) Nobelist Baltasar and Blimunda (1982); Year of the Death of Ricardo Reis (1984); Blindness (1995); A History of the Siege of Lisbon (1989)

Antonio Lobo Antunes (b. 1942) The Land at the End of the World (1979); Fado Alexandrino (1983); The Return of the Caravels (1988)

ROMANIA

Ion Creanga (1839-1889) Childhood Memories (1881-1888)

Liviu Rebreanu (1885-1944) The Forest of the Hanged (1922); The Uprising (1932)

Camil Petrescu (1894-1957) The Last Night of Love, The First Night of War (1930)

Mircea Eliade (1907-1986) Bengal Nights (1933); The Forbidden Forest (1955)

Emil Cioran (1911-1995) On the Heights of Despair (1934); Tears and Saints (1937)

Gellu Naum (1915-2001) Zenobia (1985)

Herta Muller (b. 1953) Nobelist The Passport (1986); The Land of Green Plums (1994)

RUSSIA

Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837) Eugene Onegin (1825-32)

Nicolai Gogol (1809-1952) The Nose (1835); The Overcoat (1842); Taras Bulba (1835); Dead Souls (1842)

Fyodor Dostoevsky (1821-1881) Crime and Punishment (1866); The Brothers Karamazov (1879-1880)

Leo Tolstoy (1828-1910) War and Peace (1869); Anna Karenina (1877); The Death of Ivan Ilyich (1886)

Anton Chekov (1860-1904) The Seagull (1895); Uncle Vanya (1898); The Cherry Orchard (1903); Collected Stories

Maxim Gorky (1868-1936) My Childhood (1913-14); Mother (1916)

Ivan Bunin (1870-1953) Nobelist The Village (1910)

Andrey Bely (1880-1934) Petersburg (1913)

Yevgeny Zamyatin (1884-1937) We (1920)

Boris Pasternak (1890-1960) Doctor Zhivago (1957)

Mikhail Bulgakov (1891-1940) The Master and Margarita (1928-1940); A Country Doctor's Notebook (1920's); The White Guard (1925); Heart of a Dog (1925)

Isaac Babel (1894-1940) Red Cavalry (1920's); The Odessa Tales (1931)

Andrey Platonov (1899-1951) The Foundation Pit (1926-30)

Mikhail Sholokhov Nobelist(1905-1984) And Quiet Flows the Don (1928-40)

Vasily Grossman (1905-1964) Life and Fate (1980); Everything Flows (1989); Stalingrad (1952)

Alexander Solzhenitsyn (1918-2008) One Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich (1962); Cancer Ward (1968); The First Circle (1968); The Gulag Archipelago (1973)

Arkady Strugatsky (1925-1991) and Boris Strugatsky (1933-2012) Roadside Picnic (1972); Dead Mountaineer's Hotel (1970)

Vladimir Voinovich (b.1932) The Life and Extraordinary Adventures of Private Ivan Chonkin (1975);Moscow 2042 (1987)

Venedikt Yerofeev (1938-1990) Moscow to the End of the Line (1973)

Vladimir Sorokin (b. 1955) The Queue (1983)

SERBIA

Milorad Pavic (1929-2009) Dictionary of the Khazars (1984)

Borislav Pekic (1930-1992) The Houses of Belgrade (1970); The Time of Miracles (1965)

Danilo Kis (1935-1989) Garden Ashes (1965); A Tomb for Boris Davidovich (1976)

SLOVENIA

Vladimir Bartol (1903-1967) Alamut (1938)

Ciril Kosmac (1910-1980) A Day in Spring (1954)

Boris Pahor (b. 1913) Pilgrim Among the Shadows (1967)

Drago Jancar (b. 1948) Northern Lights (1984)

42arubabookwoman
Editado: Feb 4, 2019, 3:50 pm

SPAIN

Cervantes (1547-1616) Don Quixote (1605, 1615)

Juan Valera (1824-1905) Pepita Jimenez (1874)

Benito Perez Galdos (1843-1920) Dona Perfecta (1876) Fortunata and Jacinta (1886); That Bringas Woman (1884)

Clarin Leopoldo Alas (1852-1901) The Regent's Wife (1884)

Emilia Pardo Bazan (1851-1921) The Manors of Ulloa (1886)

Miguel de Unamuno (1864-1936) Abel Sanchez (1917)

Victor Catala (Caterina Albert) (1869-1966) Solitude (1905)

Pio Baroja (1872-1956) The Basque Country Trilogy (1900-09); The Struggle for Life Trilogy (1922-24); The Tree of Knowledge (1911)

Juan Ramon Jimenez (1881-1956) Nobelist Platero and I (1917)

Merce Rodoreda (1908-1983) The Time of the Doves (1960)

Camilo Jose Cela (1916-2002) Nobelist The Family of Pascual Duarte (1942); The Hive (1951)

Miguel Delibes (1920-2010) The Path (1950);The Hedge (1969)

Carmen Martin Gaite (1925-2000) The Back Room (1978)

Juan Goytisolo (1921-2017) Marks of Identity (1966); Count Julian (1970)

Julian Rios (b. 1941) Larva: A Midsummer Night's Babel (1983)

Enrique Vila-Matas (b. 1945) Bartleby and Co. (2000)

Bernardo Atxaga (1951) Obabakoak (1988)

Javier Marias (b. 1951) All Souls (1989); A Heart So White (1992); Your Face Tomorrow Trilogy (2002)

Javier Cercas (b. 1962) Soldiers of Salamis (2001)

SWEDEN

Selma Lagerlof (1858-1940) Nobelist Gosta Berling's Saga (1891); The Wonderful Adventures of Nils (1906)

August Strindberg (1849-1912) The Red Room (1880); Miss Julie (1888); Getting Married (1884); By the Open Sea (1890)

Hjalmar Soderberg (1869-1941) Dr. Glas (1905)

Par Lagerkvist (1891-1971) Nobelist The Dwarf (1944); Barabbas (1950)

Frans G. Bengtsson (1894-1954) The Long Ships (1941)

Vilhelm Mobert (1898-1973) The Emigrants (1949)

Stig Dagerman (1923-1954) Island of the Doomed (1949); A Burnt Child (1948)

Lars Gustafsson (1936-2016) The Death of a Beekeeper (1978)

Torgny Lindgren (1938-2017) The Way of the Serpent (1982); Sweetness (1995); Light (1987)

SWITZERLAND

Johann David Wyss (1743-1818) Swiss Family Robinson (1812)

Gottfried Keller (1819-1890) Green Henry (1854)

Johanna Spyri (1827-1901) Heidi (1881)

Carl Spitteler (1845-1924) Nobelist Poetry

Robert Walser (1878-1956) The Tanners (1907); Jakob von Gunten (1909); The Assistant (1908)

Albert Cohen (1895-1981) Belle de Seigneur (1968)

Max Frisch (1911-1991) I'm Not Stiller (1954); Homo Faber (1957)

Friedrich Durrenmatt (1921-1990) The Judge and His Hangman (1950); The Pledge (1958); The Execution of Justice (1985)

Jacques Chessex (1934-2009) The Tyrant (1973); A Jew Must Die (2008)

TURKEY
Yakup Kadri Karaosmanoglu b. 1889: Stranger (1939)

Ahmet Hamdi Tanpinar (1901-1962) A Mind at Peace (1949); The Time Regulation Institute (1961)

Nazim Hikmet (1902-1963) Human Landscapes from My Country (1967)

Yashar Kemal (1923-2015) Memed My Hawk (1955)

Bilge Karasu (1930-1995) The Garden of the Departed Cats (1979); Night: A Novel (1984)

Moris Farhi (b. 1935) Young Turk (2004)

Orhan Pamuk (b. 1952) Nobelist The Black Book (1990); My Name is Red (1998)

UKRAINE

Mykhailo Kotsiubynsky (1864-1913) Fata Morgana

Olha Kobylianska (1863-1942) On Sunday Morning She Gathered Herbs (1909); Land (1902)

Andrey Kurkov (b. 1961) Death and the Penguin(1996)

UZBEKISTAN

Hamid Ismailov (b.1954) The Railway (1997)

43thorold
Editado: Feb 7, 2019, 6:32 am

A couple of things I've read in the last year or so, maybe to add to the list:

Madonna in a fur coat (1943) by Sabahattin Ali (Turkey, 1907-1948)

This short unhappy love-story by a subversive journalist - he was killed by the police because of his political activities shortly after writing it - recently had a big revival in Turkey that led to its being translated into several other languages. It seems to have become popular because readers found its romantic, anti-establishment tone a useful antidote to the nasty macho culture surrounding the current Turkish government. So it might qualify for a kind of back-dated classic status, although when we discussed it in our book-club most people found it a bit too sentimental.

Der abenteuerliche Simplicissimus (1668; The adventures of a simpleton) by Hans Jakob Christoffel von Grimmelshausen (Germany, 1622-1676)

A gloriously subversive and unpredictable picaresque novel set during the Thirty Years' War. This isn't exactly obscure - it's the most famous German novel of its period, on the syllabus of every traditional German course, and there are plenty of translations - but not many people venture into the 17th century for pleasure any more. Which is a shame, because this is a very enjoyable book, even if rather long.

Ingeborg Bachmann (1926-1973) should be in the list for Austria - probably the most-respected woman writer in German since 1945. Her main prose work is Malina (1971)

44LolaWalser
Editado: Feb 7, 2019, 4:12 pm

Well, speaking of Austria, reflecting on the discussion in the other thread about school canons etc., I'd say Nestroy has GOT to get on any list of "classics" (Johann Nestroy), and, groans or not, Grillparzer too (Franz Grillparzer).

Of the moderns, I would add Gustav Meyrink, Egon Friedell, Peter Altenberg, Leo Perutz, and, on the basis of one novel alone but a terrific masterpiece, Alfred Kubin (ETA: The other side by Alfred Kubin)

No women, which accurately reflects what I was taught about the "important" authors, alas.

P.S. I believe these are all authors available at least for some works in English translation, so they may as well go here instead in some "but you're unlikely to find them" thread.

45SassyLassy
Feb 8, 2019, 11:40 am

Thought I would put this here rather than on the Message Board page, but further to 24 on that page https://www.librarything.com/topic/301675 LolaWalser had me thinking:

The mention of Harper Lee got me thinking of a distinction in "classic" I wasn't aware I had unconsciously made. In my mind, classics usually are part of a larger body of work by a particular author, but you reminded me that there can be books, "one hit wonders", that are a single representative of a particular author (that is if Lee's last book hasn't been canonized yet) yet still classic. I'll have to think about that.

Also in >36 arubabookwoman: above, the discussion is clearly around books per se, so how did I get stuck on the idea of authors?

46thorold
Feb 8, 2019, 12:02 pm

>45 SassyLassy: You can take that a step further: if you go back far enough, a lot of “classics” are either anonymous or by people we only know through their authorship of that particular work (e.g. Homer).

47LolaWalser
Feb 8, 2019, 2:44 pm

>45 SassyLassy:

I don't think the number of works matters, I mentioned Harper Lee as an example of someone who earned the status of a classic during their lifetime.

Is there some important distinction between classic authors vs. classic books? I'd say the two are conflated. To me it seems anyone who produced a "classic" will in due course (as time goes by) become referred to as a classic. Sort of how readers refer to authors when they mean their work. ("I can't stand Hemingway", "I love Flaubert"...)

48rocketjk
Editado: Feb 9, 2019, 1:05 pm

Of the books in the lists above, of particular note in my recent reading (past few years) have been Väinö Linna's "Under the North Star" trilogy (Finland) which taken together comprised one of the most powerful and satisfying reading experiences of my life (not an exaggeration) and Every Man Dies Alone by Hans Fallada, also extremely memorable.

I'm about to start All for Nothing by German author Walter Kempowski. I wonder if he might be a fitting addition to the "Classics in Their Own Countries" roster for Germany.

49rocketjk
Feb 14, 2019, 2:35 pm

I finished All for Nothing by German author Walter Kempowski. This is the final novel of German author Walter Kempowski. Published in 2006, the novel is a harrowing, though purposefully muted, description of life in East Prussia during the final months of World War Two, as the Russian guns become audible just over the horizon and hundreds of thousands of people take to the roads amidst bitter winter cold to try to make their way west. Kempowski, in fact, lived through this time as a teenager.

A once proud family, or what is left of it, is hunker down in what is left of their estate, surviving on hoarded supplies and "awaiting events." The father is serving in the German army in Italy. The Nazi authorities attempt to maintain control over the populace even as the front is collapsing only 100 kilometers off. The road is full of refugees already, and the family--mother, adolescent son, spinster aunt and three servants, puts people up, one night at a time. The boy's tutor still arrives every day for lessons. And the family's level of denial of their actual circumstances is acute. What will become of them?

As mentioned above, the tone of the narrative is seemingly purposefully flat. In fact, there is a somewhat surreal quality to the book's dreamlike atmosphere, the characters just a touch absurd. Certain phrases and anecdotes are repeated to create a feeling of stasis and ennui. In my New York Review Classics edition, novelist Jenny Erpenback's Introduction makes an apt comparison to Chekhov.

Despite the somewhat "warped looking glass" quality of the storytelling, we do come to care about the fate of these characters. I highly recommend the book. I never would have heard of it had not my wife read a recent review of it in The New Yorker occasioned by All for Nothing's recent new edition in English as part of the New York Review of Books' Classics series. She thought I would like it and bought for me as a gift, then deciding to read it herself first.

Kempowski is perhaps best known for (quoting now from wikipedia) "his enormous oeuvre Das Echolot, a collection and collage of documents by people of many kinds living in the circumstances of war. Das Echolot consists of thousands of personal documents, letters, newspaper reports, and unpublished autobiographies that had been collected by the author over a period of more than twenty years. The documents are now deposited in the archive of the Academy of Arts in Berlin. The last of the twelve volumes of Das Echolot has been translated into English by Shaun Whiteside under the title Swansong 1945: A Collective Diary from Hitler's Birthday to VE Day (Granta 2014)."

50LolaWalser
Feb 14, 2019, 5:38 pm

Interesting, thanks. I don't recall having heard of him before.

51thorold
Feb 14, 2019, 5:44 pm

My mother’s a big Kempowski fan - I keep meaning to try one of hers when I’m visiting, but haven’t managed it yet. There’s a lovely description in Volker Weidermann’s Lichtjahre of Kempowski’s mammoth self-imposed (and mostly self-funded) task of collecting and archiving the source material for the Echolot project.

52lriley
Feb 14, 2019, 9:22 pm

A friend here at LT--John--who is from Ottawa clued me in on Kempowski last year. I'd never heard of him before. John has a keen interest in WWII personal histories and fiction particularly anything to do with Eastern European part of the war. Kempowski's book is very good and I went on to read Swansong 45 and I liked that too. Swansong is not really fiction though--Kempowski uses a timeline and a kaleidoscope of different voices--some military or national leaders--some civilians as markers to the collapse of the Nazi regime in it's final year. How he sets it up reminds me a bit of Eduardo Galeano's books on the Americas.

All for nothing is a harrowing book--the German civilian population on the run from the advancing Russian Army as seen through the eyes of a young and kind of nerdy boy who has hardly any friends and 0 interest in the war games of his peers.

53arubabookwoman
Feb 16, 2019, 2:53 pm

And for US readers with a Kindle, All For Nothing is currently available for Kindle at the relatively low price of $6.49.

54rocketjk
Editado: mayo 16, 2019, 1:34 pm

The Child of Pleasure by Gabriele D'Annunzio

Published in 1889, The Child of Pleasure is the first novel of Italian writer Gabriele D'Annunzio, who gained fame in Italy and throughout Europe and the U.S. as a novelist, and went on to political fame (or infamy, perhaps) in post-WW I Europe as the founder of a nationalistic movement that inspired Mussolini. At any rate, in the late 19th century, D'Annunzio's topic was the power of beauty and sensuality. His protagonist here, Count Andrea Sperelli, is a young Roman nobleman who lives in and for luxury and for the seduction of beautiful women. The Child of Pleasure is the narrative of Sperelli's adventures in this arena, particularly as it pertains to two extremely beautiful and cultured women. Throughout the tale, D'Annunzio's eye lingers lovingly on the beauties of the natural countryside, Roman architecture, and the items of antiquity that Sperelli and his friends dote upon. Tellingly, these items are all at least 100 years old. There's little of contemporary (to the characters) vintage held up for admiration.

These descriptions of nature and art were interesting to read, but there was little of Count Sperelli's projects or problems that held any fascination for me. This is one of those books I read more out of an intellectual curiosity about the book's place in the history of literature than from a desire to know, or expectation to enjoy, the story. D'Annunzio himself throughout the tale speaks of Sperelli's gradual and eventually complete abdication of moral purpose or conscience, so at least we're not meant to admire the character, even if we are somehow to empathize with his delight in the purely physical/sensual world. Few modern readers will do so, I think.

One factor that gave me the energy to push through with this novel was the fact that I bought the book four years ago while on vacation in Turin on a glorious avenue of bookstalls and other shops called the Via Po.

55thorold
Editado: mayo 17, 2019, 6:10 am

A few more I've read recently that fit in here:

Die Elixiere des Teufels (1815; The Devil's elixirs) by E.T.A. Hoffmann (Germany, 1776-1822)

- Hoffmann is listed above for his stories. This was his first go at a gothic novel, and it was fun for a while, but there was a lot too much of it. Hoffmann wrote it a bit too soon after reading The Monk, perhaps, and in too excited a state: it doesn't have the subversive detachment and irony I was hoping for.

Solaris (1961) by Stanisław Lem (Poland, 1921-2006)

- Listed above. Lem is sometimes cited as the most successful Polish author internationally, so this probably isn't just "a classic in its own country". Interesting science-fiction novel about first contact with an alien organism so alien that it turns out we don't have anything meaningful to say to each other. Lem spends a lot of time digging into the philosophy of science and the way that humans develop ideas and try to impose meaning on the universe.

Die letzte Welt: Roman: mit einem Ovidischen Repertoire (1988 The last world) by Christoph Ransmayr (Austria, 1954- ) (listed above, but under Germany)

- I don't know anything about the reception history of this in Austria, although they do rather enjoy getting worked up about criticisms of authoritarian government there, so it must have done well. It's still in print after 30 years, so probably counts as a classic, anyway. I found it an interesting and far from straightforward read - I don't know whether you'd count it as anachronistic historical fiction or magic realism, it doesn't fall into any neat boxes, but asks a lot of difficult questions.

Irrungen, Wirrungen (1888; Trials and tribulations) by Theodor Fontane (Germany, 1819-1898)

- Fontane is listed above for Effi Briest - when I read that, years ago (and enjoyed it!), German friends said "Ugh, that's the one we all hated at school" and recommended this novel, written early in Fontane's career as a fiction writer, when he was barely seventy. When I finally got around to it, I enjoyed it - a lot of careful observation of places and people and especially of the way real people talk, but without the sort of heavy plotting and social criticism that you get in Hardy/Zola/Hauptman.

56rocketjk
mayo 18, 2020, 6:58 pm

I recently finished Growth of the Soil by Knut Hamsun. This novel is a classic of Norwegian literature. First published in 1917, it won Hamsun a Nobel Prize in Literature in 1920. The book is Hamsun's ode to hardy settlers and farmers of Norway's rugged and remote areas. A long, hard day's work is a man's greatest accomplishment, and Isak, the strong, simple, unremittingly persevering farmer is Hamsun's hero. The storyline follows Isak's early days carving out a farm, his taking on of a helpmate, Inger, who becomes his wife, and the growth of their family. Along the way, there are problems aplenty, of course, some of their own making. Hamsun often uses a sort of stream of consciousness narrative to good effect to get inside of his characters' minds. Even when they are flawed and troubled, they are characters we are happy to follow along with through life. We get a close up, if certainly idealized, picture of the tough life of these country communities. But also, as the narrative progresses, we come to understand that Hamsun is placing these mostly admirable people before in contrast to his disdain for modernism, and especially for new more or less liberal ideas about human nature.

So it was enjoyable to read Growth of the Soil. And interesting to read this acclaimed example of the early 20th-century style, Norwegian New Realism. Hamsun's prose here is certainly engaging, as is his humor and eye for the foibles of human nature, and his extremely deft touch at describing the intense beauty of the Norwegian countryside. But it's also the case that Hamsun was a Nazi sympathizer, and I have to admit that knowing, as I read, that the author was at the very least an admirer of people who would have been very happy to murder my grandparents and my parents drained a bit of the enjoyment out of the experience for me.

57thorold
Editado: Jul 10, 2020, 1:05 pm

I've recently read a couple of classics from East Germany (the DDR), which have probably faded from school reading lists with the disappearance of the country they were written in. They go together with books like Christa Wolf's Der geteilte Himmel (mentioned above):

Ole Bienkopp (1963) by Erwin Strittmatter (DDR, 1912-1994)

— Village tragicomedy about a farmer persuading his neighbours to join an agricultural co-operative, against the opposition of various vested interests. (Translations available, including English)

Die Aula (1965) by Hermann Kant (DDR, 1926-2016)

— In 1949, a group of young men and women from working-class backgrounds join an experimental pre-university course for people who didn't get the chance to finish high-school. (Only seems to be translated into Polish, Czech, Hungarian, etc.)

Strittmatter seems to have been quite a reputable working-class writer, friendly with people like Halldor Laxness, but Kant got a very bad reputation in the 70s and 80s because of his prominent position "close to the politbureau" and his involvement in repressive measures against other writers.

On my TBR pile I've still got another, the 900-page building-site saga Spur der Steine, by Erik Neutsch. More on that when/if I'm brave enough to tackle it...

58spiphany
Jul 10, 2020, 4:41 pm

>57 thorold: Oh dear, somehow I hadn't heard of Neutsch at all -- rather embarrassing, given that I thought I was fairly familiar with the literature of East Germany, but especially so given what city I've been living in for the past several years.
If 900 pages is too intimidating, apparently there's a very loose theatrical adaptation by Heiner Müller entitled Der Bau.

59thorold
Jul 11, 2020, 9:05 am

>58 spiphany: It seems to be one of those cases where, every time you read something relevant, you find out about two other books you should have read.

I made it through Rummelplatz a few years ago (and enjoyed it!) — SdS is only about 20% longer than that.

According to Wikipedia, there's a more recent (post-Wende) stage version by Dagmar Borrmann as well, as well as the Frank Beyer film that was banned on first release in 1965 and re-released in 1989.

60thorold
Editado: Jul 11, 2020, 9:51 am

My copy of Spur der Steine is out of the 1990s reprint series Die DDR-Bibliothek — I've made a series page for it. Quite a few books there I don't know about yet.

61spiphany
Jul 11, 2020, 10:20 am

>59 thorold: Rummelplatz does seem like an apt comparison, doesn't it?
And together with Wolf's Der geteilte Himmel and Maron's Flugasche, one could take a literary journey through East Germany's "industrial triangle" across several decades. I've been trying to think whether there are any fictional treatments of this area in the Wende or post-Wende period, but nothing comes to mind.

Thanks (I think) for filling out the "DDR-Bibliothek" titles.
BTW, Mitteldeutscher Verlag here in Halle (which I believe was the original publisher of Spur der Steine) has reissued a couple of other rediscovered East German novels that sound interesting: Winfried Völlger's Das Windhahn-Syndrom and Eberhard Hilscher's Weltzeituhr.

62rocketjk
Editado: Jul 23, 2020, 2:45 pm

The Unknown Soldier by Väinö Linna

Considered a classic of Finnish literature, The Unknown Soldier tells the story of Finnish Soldiers fighting in the Continuation War (as it's known in Finland) between Finland and Russia from 1941 through 1944. The novel presents a gritty depiction of the experiences of soldiers of one Finnish company.

Linna creates a memorable group of soldiers and follows them from the initial invasion and success, to the stalemate that develops at the point of the invasion's furthest advance, and then through the interminable retreat. Death stalks the company throughout, of course. Men die throughout the narrative in ways foolish, cowardly and brave, in attempts to accomplish specific objectives or randomly. But also, these men are portrayed as individuals, with a wide spectrum of personalities, bravery or cowardice, with a wide range of ideas about the war and what they're doing there, and a very specific attitude about the advantages or (mostly) disadvantages of the officers above them, whose success as leaders is generally tied to their willingness to forego the trappings of their rank and insistence on military discipline.

The novel, published 10 years after the war's end, became an instant success in Finland and propelled Linna to literary hero status within the country. It was, according to what I've been able to read, the first novel in Finland that portrayed the war and its soldiers in anything close to realistic, rather than idealized, fashion, and veterans of the war were evidently vocal in their praise. The novel is harrowing, to be sure, full of bitterness and, especially at the end, despair, but also full of life and humor, frailty and honor. What are human beings willing to do, and how do we stand up, principles intact (or not) in the face of deprivation and almost certain death? Linna doesn't really ask these questions, but he does provide his own answer to them.

The narrative remains quite focused on the "here and now." Linna dispels almost entirely with digressions about the backgrounds of individual soldiers. We don't travel back to childhoods or to marriages and children or businesses left behind. We are, almost wholly, with these men in this place with shells falling all around. Also, Linna, who himself fought in this war, provides gripping, horrific and seemingly very realistic combat scenes.

There is certainly, from our contemporary view, a limited world view among these soldiers. Their perspective is almost entirely bordered by the quarrels between Russia and Finland, and Germany's early successes and eventual defeats are seen only through their filters of what it all means for Finland and for their own situation.

The most consistent hero of The Unknown Soldier is Vilho Koskela, the calm, veteran lieutenant, survivor of the Winter War, caring and inspirational leader of his men. In fact, after the success of The Unknown Soldier, Linna went back and wrote his Under the North Star trilogy which begins with Koskela's grandfather breaking ground on a wilderness farm and takes the family up through Vilho's service and beyond. While on vacation in Finland with my wife several years back, I was told in a Helsinki bookstore that I should read this trilogy if I wanted to understand Finnish history and the character of the Finnish people. That trilogy provided me one of the most memorable reading experiences I've ever had. It's been a couple of years since I finished Under the North Star. I've been saving this book, but finally decided it was time to read it. When Koskela makes his appearance on page 4, I actually said to myself, "Ah, there he is!"

By the end, more than one of the characters is of course asking, as the reader will, "What was the point of all that horror?" Linna mostly leaves those questions to history, and to the reader the task of understanding the ultimately tragedy and futility of the endeavor.

63thorold
Sep 26, 2020, 6:52 am

>61 spiphany: I read Das Windhahn-Syndrom — it was fun. Thanks for the tip!
The town in the book isn't named, but I imagine it must be a recognisable description of Halle. There's a bit about an explosion in a chemical works, and something about a long-distance pipeline.

64spiphany
Sep 26, 2020, 12:46 pm

>63 thorold: I'm glad you enjoyed it!
I'd come across the novel because I wanted to support my local publisher, which has been struggling in these financially difficult times, but I haven't gotten around to reading it yet.

Though the political commentary may be very rooted in the time and place, it does strike me that the symptomatic response of paroxysms of laughter may not be so inappropriate for some of the absurdity of our current times. If only mocking laughter were an effective weapon to discredit would-be authoritarians!

I don't know whether I would recognize his description of the city as Halle or not, but I'll report back! It would probably depend on what landmarks he refers to. Halle has changed enormously since the Wende, and the industry of the DDR period is essentially gone.

A couple of colleagues and I were at an exhibition of photography of Halle from the late 80s or early 90s and played a bit of "identify that location". The most striking thing was the smog (visible even in the black & white photos), and also a photo taken near the downtown area in which virtually everything had been torn down, with one lone Jugendstil building left standing: particularly memorable because I now live in an apartment in one of the Plattenbau developments erected in this empty space! From what I understand, a lot of Halle's prewar-era buildings were saved from a similar fate by the Wende...

65thorold
Nov 30, 2021, 11:41 am

I've had a dip into classic Dutch literature lately, reading a recent biography of the key mid-19th century figure Jacob Van Lennep (Een bezielde schavuit by Marita Mathijsen). Van Lennep was a prolific author of historical novels — and all sorts of other things — but he's probably most interesting here as the person who got Multatuli's colonial whistle-blower novel Max Havelaar into print. Even if Multatuli wasn't very happy with the way he did it, and subsequently tried to take legal action against him...

Van Lennep was also the literary godfather of another mid-19th century Dutch classic, De gedichten van den Schoolmeester, a lovely collection of comic verse by his close friend Gerrit van de Linde, who had had to leave Holland in rather a hurry after a series of scandals during his student days, and wrote under a pen-name from his London exile. The poems were frequently reprinted in illustrated editions, and have a similar sort of standing in the Netherlands to that which Belloc's Cautionary Verses have in English, or Wilhelm Busch in German.

2012-Classics In Their Own Country--Europe and Turkey

CharlasReading Globally

1arubabookwomanEditado: Feb 4, 2019, 4:19 pm

2arubabookwomanDic 26, 2011, 4:45 pm

3arubabookwomanEditado: Dic 26, 2011, 6:08 pm

4arubabookwomanDic 26, 2011, 9:03 pm

5arubabookwomanDic 26, 2011, 10:56 pm

6arubabookwomanEditado: Dic 26, 2011, 11:50 pm

7Samantha_kathyEne 9, 2012, 4:38 pm

8rebeccanycEne 10, 2012, 6:55 pm

9rocketjkEne 14, 2012, 1:37 pm

10DieFledermausEne 24, 2012, 7:17 pm

11Samantha_kathyFeb 24, 2012, 3:48 pm

12rebeccanycEditado: Mar 4, 2012, 10:21 am

13rebeccanycMar 4, 2012, 11:17 am

14Polaris-Mar 5, 2012, 1:41 pm

15Polaris-Mar 5, 2012, 1:45 pm

16rebeccanycMar 5, 2012, 7:19 pm

17rocketjkMar 5, 2012, 10:22 pm

18StevenTXMar 5, 2012, 11:41 pm

19SassyLassyMar 6, 2012, 10:47 am

20rebeccanycMar 6, 2012, 10:59 am

21arubabookwomanMar 16, 2012, 2:10 pm

22Polaris-Mar 18, 2012, 9:35 am

23rebeccanycJun 2, 2012, 10:31 am

24rebeccanycJul 22, 2012, 7:24 pm

25lilisinJul 23, 2012, 7:21 pm

26JMC400mJul 24, 2012, 5:59 pm

27lilisinJul 25, 2012, 1:04 pm

28rebeccanycJul 28, 2012, 10:40 am

29rebeccanycAgo 12, 2012, 10:13 am

30rebeccanycAgo 24, 2012, 12:37 pm

31Samantha_kathyAgo 28, 2012, 1:50 pm

32rocketjkAgo 28, 2012, 3:39 pm

33rebeccanycAgo 31, 2012, 12:58 pm

34rebeccanycSep 11, 2012, 3:44 pm

35rebeccanycSep 23, 2012, 12:43 pm

36arubabookwomanEditado: Feb 4, 2019, 4:17 pm

37arubabookwomanEditado: Ene 22, 2019, 4:02 pm

38arubabookwomanEditado: Ene 30, 2019, 1:14 am

39arubabookwomanEditado: Ene 29, 2019, 2:10 pm

40arubabookwomanEditado: Ene 30, 2019, 1:06 am

41arubabookwomanEditado: Feb 4, 2019, 3:38 pm

42arubabookwomanEditado: Feb 4, 2019, 3:50 pm

43thoroldEditado: Feb 7, 2019, 6:32 am

44LolaWalserEditado: Feb 7, 2019, 4:12 pm

45SassyLassyFeb 8, 2019, 11:40 am

46thoroldFeb 8, 2019, 12:02 pm

47LolaWalserFeb 8, 2019, 2:44 pm

48rocketjkEditado: Feb 9, 2019, 1:05 pm

49rocketjkFeb 14, 2019, 2:35 pm

50LolaWalserFeb 14, 2019, 5:38 pm

51thoroldFeb 14, 2019, 5:44 pm

52lrileyFeb 14, 2019, 9:22 pm

53arubabookwomanFeb 16, 2019, 2:53 pm

54rocketjkEditado: mayo 16, 2019, 1:34 pm

55thoroldEditado: mayo 17, 2019, 6:10 am

56rocketjkmayo 18, 2020, 6:58 pm

57thoroldEditado: Jul 10, 2020, 1:05 pm

58spiphanyJul 10, 2020, 4:41 pm

59thoroldJul 11, 2020, 9:05 am

60thoroldEditado: Jul 11, 2020, 9:51 am

61spiphanyJul 11, 2020, 10:20 am

62rocketjkEditado: Jul 23, 2020, 2:45 pm

63thoroldSep 26, 2020, 6:52 am

64spiphanySep 26, 2020, 12:46 pm

65thoroldNov 30, 2021, 11:41 am

Grupo: Reading Globally

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1arubabookwoman
Editado: Feb 4, 2019, 4:19 pm

2arubabookwoman
Dic 26, 2011, 4:45 pm

3arubabookwoman
Editado: Dic 26, 2011, 6:08 pm

4arubabookwoman
Dic 26, 2011, 9:03 pm

5arubabookwoman
Dic 26, 2011, 10:56 pm

6arubabookwoman
Editado: Dic 26, 2011, 11:50 pm

7Samantha_kathy
Ene 9, 2012, 4:38 pm

8rebeccanyc
Ene 10, 2012, 6:55 pm

9rocketjk
Ene 14, 2012, 1:37 pm

10DieFledermaus
Ene 24, 2012, 7:17 pm

11Samantha_kathy
Feb 24, 2012, 3:48 pm

12rebeccanyc
Editado: Mar 4, 2012, 10:21 am

13rebeccanyc
Mar 4, 2012, 11:17 am

14Polaris-
Mar 5, 2012, 1:41 pm

15Polaris-
Mar 5, 2012, 1:45 pm

16rebeccanyc
Mar 5, 2012, 7:19 pm

17rocketjk
Mar 5, 2012, 10:22 pm

18StevenTX
Mar 5, 2012, 11:41 pm

19SassyLassy
Mar 6, 2012, 10:47 am

20rebeccanyc
Mar 6, 2012, 10:59 am

21arubabookwoman
Mar 16, 2012, 2:10 pm

22Polaris-
Mar 18, 2012, 9:35 am

23rebeccanyc
Jun 2, 2012, 10:31 am

24rebeccanyc
Jul 22, 2012, 7:24 pm

25lilisin
Jul 23, 2012, 7:21 pm

26JMC400m
Jul 24, 2012, 5:59 pm

27lilisin
Jul 25, 2012, 1:04 pm

28rebeccanyc
Jul 28, 2012, 10:40 am

29rebeccanyc
Ago 12, 2012, 10:13 am

30rebeccanyc
Ago 24, 2012, 12:37 pm

31Samantha_kathy
Ago 28, 2012, 1:50 pm

32rocketjk
Ago 28, 2012, 3:39 pm

33rebeccanyc
Ago 31, 2012, 12:58 pm

34rebeccanyc
Sep 11, 2012, 3:44 pm

35rebeccanyc
Sep 23, 2012, 12:43 pm

36arubabookwoman
Editado: Feb 4, 2019, 4:17 pm

37arubabookwoman
Editado: Ene 22, 2019, 4:02 pm

38arubabookwoman
Editado: Ene 30, 2019, 1:14 am

39arubabookwoman
Editado: Ene 29, 2019, 2:10 pm

40arubabookwoman
Editado: Ene 30, 2019, 1:06 am

41arubabookwoman
Editado: Feb 4, 2019, 3:38 pm

42arubabookwoman
Editado: Feb 4, 2019, 3:50 pm

43thorold
Editado: Feb 7, 2019, 6:32 am

44LolaWalser
Editado: Feb 7, 2019, 4:12 pm

45SassyLassy
Feb 8, 2019, 11:40 am

46thorold
Feb 8, 2019, 12:02 pm

47LolaWalser
Feb 8, 2019, 2:44 pm

48rocketjk
Editado: Feb 9, 2019, 1:05 pm

49rocketjk
Feb 14, 2019, 2:35 pm

50LolaWalser
Feb 14, 2019, 5:38 pm

51thorold
Feb 14, 2019, 5:44 pm

52lriley
Feb 14, 2019, 9:22 pm

53arubabookwoman
Feb 16, 2019, 2:53 pm

54rocketjk
Editado: mayo 16, 2019, 1:34 pm

55thorold
Editado: mayo 17, 2019, 6:10 am

56rocketjk
mayo 18, 2020, 6:58 pm

57thorold
Editado: Jul 10, 2020, 1:05 pm

58spiphany
Jul 10, 2020, 4:41 pm

59thorold
Jul 11, 2020, 9:05 am

60thorold
Editado: Jul 11, 2020, 9:51 am

61spiphany
Jul 11, 2020, 10:20 am

62rocketjk
Editado: Jul 23, 2020, 2:45 pm

63thorold
Sep 26, 2020, 6:52 am

64spiphany
Sep 26, 2020, 12:46 pm

65thorold
Nov 30, 2021, 11:41 am