Robert H. Wiebe (1930–2000)

The end of the nineteenth century saw a restructuring of American society. The process of industrialization disrupted the ideal of independent communities and created a more bureaucratic society on a larger scale. For instance, large scale farming required capital not available to many family farms, making them dependent on banks or else forcing them to sell to someone with that capital, most like a corporation. Railroads also disrupted local society, making communities dependent on them but giving those communities no influence in their operation.

Initially populists sought to reverse the erosion of independent communities, but their attempts at reform worked in the opposite manner. They were successful in establishing a sort of order, but it took the form of a central bureaucracy. Wiebe argues that bureaucratic values replaced traditional moral ones as efficiency became the standard for good practice.

He ends the analysis in 1920, not because the process was complete, but because WWI demonstrated the application of the new efficiency in society in mobilizing for the war. Nevertheless, the new bureaucratization was not well-applied to the armed forces, which entered the war in an amateurish manner.

This is an excellent book to describe a sea change in the structure of American society. Wiebe does an excellent job in explaining how the United States became a more centralize state in between Reconstruction and WWI.… (más)

4354. The Search for Order 1877-1920, by Robert H. Wiebe (read 26 Aug 2007) This is an analytic account of the efforts during the period named to determine an order for American life. While described on the cover as "a subtle and sophisticated study" which combines the virtues of historical narrative, sociological analysis, and social criticism, I found it usually dry and only occasionally exciting my interest. Much that he says is insightful and accurate so far as I could tell, but I admit I was glad when I reached the last page.… (más)