David Ambuel

Sophist sets out to explain what the sophist does by defining his art. But the sophist has no art. Plato lays out a challenging puzzle in metaphysics, the nature of philosophy, and the imitation of philosophy that is unraveled in this new and unconventional interpretation.

Here is a new translation of this important late Platonic dialogue, with a comprehensive commentary that reverses the dominant trends in the scholarship of the last fifty years. The Sophist is shown to be not a dry exposition of doctrine, but a rich exercise in dialectic, which reveals both the Eleatic roots of Platonic metaphysics and Plato’s criticism of unrevised Eleaticism as a theoretical underpinning for sophistry.

The Sophist is presented now not as an artefact of the intellectual past or precursor of late 20th century philosophical theories, but as living philosophy. In a new translation and interpretation, this late dialogue is shown to be a defense of and not a departure from Plato’s metaphysics.

The book is intended to provide a complete interpretation of Plato’s Sophist as a whole. Central to the methodology adopted is the assumption that all elements of the dialogue to be understood must be understood in the context of the dialogue as a whole and in its relation to other works in the Platonic corpus.

Three main points are argued: (1) the dialogue does not present a definitive or positive doctrine of the late Plato, but has the structure of a reductio ad absurdum; (2) the figure of the sophist is employed to critically examine the metaphysics of Parmenides. While acknowledging a core of metaphysical insight in Parmenides, the argument implies that, by failing to account for resemblance, Eleaticism implies an inadequate theory of relations, which makes impossible an adequate understanding of essence.

Consequently, Eleaticism unrevised can be taken as the philosophical underpinning for the antithesis of philosophy, lending legitimacy to sophistry; (3) the criticism constitutes an indirect argument for Platonic metaphysics, which has roots in Eleaticism, that is, for the Theory of Forms.
It is generally supposed that the Sophist contains the core of Plato’s later metaphysics, which must then have identified not-being and difference. David Ambuel undertakes to show that this identification implies that determination is negation, a doctrine which destroys the distinction between accidental and essential determination, and thereby the theory of forms. As doctrine, the Sophist points toward Speussippus, not Plato. By analyzing its treatment of resemblance and participation, Ambuel concludes that its structure is aporetic. This account is highly original. It is also very likely true.
— R. E. Allen
Northwestern University

Ambuel has given us an accurate and enduring Plato’s Sophist—a translation based on the newly revised OCT text, accompanied by a scholarly commentary rich in philosophical detail. The translation is lucid, untainted by jargon, and unaffected by the implicit assumptions of any of the dominant “schools” of Platonic inter- pretation. Its helpful commentary, focusing on the text instead of the secondary literature, makes it perfect for the classroom.
— Debra Nails
Michigan State University

The Sophist bears witness to a great turn-about on many points. Ambuel’s reading strikes me as eminently plausible. If philosophy were music, reading him would be like Haendel.
— David Marshall
Villanova University… (más)