This book is a comprehensive introduction to foreign language pedagogy, primarily intended for students and teachers of English. The book will also be of interest to anyone professionally or personally concerned with how people learn and use foreign languages. Methods for analysing learner languages are presented and related to a coherent theory of communicative competence and to principles of foreign language learning and teaching. The book draws on the experience and results of a large research project analysing the English used by Danes. The authors, who have all been associated with this project, have pioneered a learner language approach in the study of English and language pedagogy at universities, colleges of education, and in in-service training for teachers of English.