Science, technology and innovation have taken centre stage in efforts to boost economic growth and improve social well-being. OECD countries and non-members alike are introducing far-reaching reforms to strengthen investments in science, technology and innovation, and to enhance their contribution to national economies in a context of increasing globalisation. What types of reforms have they introduced and what are the main issues they aim to address? What emerging issues will policy makers need to address to improve future innovation capabilities? What policies can best stimulate the creation