Please note that the content of this book primarily consists of articles available from Wikipedia or other free sources online. Pages: 53. Chapters: Albert-Laszlo Barabasi, Alessandro Vespignani, Alexander Chayanov, Andrey Korotayev, Christopher Langton, Chris Adami, Cliff Joslyn, Dante R. Chialvo, Debora Hammond, Desmond Higham, Didier Sornette, Dirk Brockmann, Dirk Helbing, Douglas R. White, Duncan J. Watts, Ernesto Estrada, Francisco Varela, Francis Heylighen, Geoffrey West, Georgiy Starostin, Graeme Snooks, Guido Caldarelli, Heinz von Foerster, Ilya Prigogine, J. A. Scott Kelso, J. Doyne Farmer, James Collins (Boston University), John Henry Holland, Joshua M. Epstein, Mark Newman, Melanie Mitchell, Michael Commons, Michael Stumpf, Mihajlo D. Mesarovic, Murray Gell-Mann, Norman Packard, Paulien Hogeweg, Per Bak, Peter Turchin, Pitirim Sorokin, Ralph Abraham, Richard P. Brent, Robert Axtell, Robert Shaw (physicist), Samuel Bowles (economist), Sergei P. Kurdyumov, Seth Lloyd, Stephen Wolfram, Steven Strogatz, Stuart Kauffman, Tobias Preis, Ugo Pagano, Valentin Turchin, W. Brian Arthur, William L. Burke, Yaneer Bar-Yam. Excerpt: Andrey Korotayev (Russian: born 1961) is a Russian anthropologist, economic historian, and sociologist, with major contributions to world-systems theory, cross-cultural studies, Near Eastern history, Big History, and mathematical modeling of social and economic macrodynamics. Born in Moscow, Andrey Korotayev attended Moscow State University, where he received a B.A. degree in 1984 and an M.A. in 1989. He earned a Ph.D. in 1993 from Manchester University, and in 1998 a Doctor of Sciences degree from the Russian Academy of Sciences. Since 2000, he has been Professor and Director of the Anthropology of the East Center at the Russian State University for the Humanities, Moscow, and Senior Research Professor in the Oriental Institute and Institute for African Studies at the Russian Academy of Sciences. In 2001-2003, he also directed the "Anthropology of the East" Program at the National Research University Higher School of Economics in Moscow and is now the Head of the Laboratory of Monitoring of the Sociopolitical Destabilization Risks at this University. Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, NJIn 2003-2004, he was a visiting member at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, NJ. He is co-editor of the journals Social Evolution & History and Journal of Globalization Studies, as well as History & Mathematics almanac (together with Leonid Grinin and Arno Tausch). Together with Askar Akayev and George Malinetsky he is a coordinator of the Russian Academy of Sciences Program "System Analysis and Mathematical Modeling of World Dynamics." Korotayev is a laureate of the Russian Science Support Foundation in "The Best Economists of the Russian Academy of Sciences" nomination (2006). In 2012 he was awarded with the Gold Kondratieff Medal by the International N. D. Kondratieff Foundation. Andrey Korotayev's major contributions belong to the following fields: Clio-detail from The Allegory of Painting by Johannes Vermeer In this field he has proposed one of the most co"