Arnold J. Toynbee, the most famous professional historian of the twentieth century, is widely quoted as having declared that "History is just one damn thing after another." This book argues that history is not about "things" at all but is all about turning points-the decisions, acts, innovations, errors, ideas, successes, and failures on which the shape of a nation's life-our lives-depends. It presents the 100 points at which America's path decisively turned on its way to where we find ourselves today. ? Columbus arrives in the New World ? The first slaves arrive in America ? Independence is declared ? Female suffragists meet in Seneca Falls ? Fort Sumter falls ? A transcontinental railroad is completed ? Edison lights his first electric lamp ? FDR offers a "New Deal" ? The B-29 Enola Gay drops an atomic bomb on Hiroshima ? Neil Armstrong sets foot on the moon ? President Nixon creates the EPA ? 9/11 … Obama … Sandy Hook … Russian election "meddling" … the Age of Trump … These and many more are the crucial "plot points" in our grand national story, and bestselling historian Alan Axelrod presents them here.