1. Plato,Republic,475e-480a and 506d-518c.2. Aristotle,Posterior Analytics,Book I, 1-4 & 31 and Book II, 19.3. Sextus Empiricus,Outlines of Pyrrhonism,Book I, 1-16 & 18-27.4.The Book of Chuang Tzu,Chapter 2.5.The Nyaya-Sutras,from Book I, Chapter I & Book II, Chapter 1, with VatsyayanaCommentary.6. Nagarjuna,Vigrahavyavartani,5-6, 30-51.7. Rene Descartes,Meditations on First PhilosophyI-III and Objections and Replies (Selections).8.(A) John Locke,An Essay Concerning Human Understanding,Book I, Chapter 2, 1-24.(B) G. W. Leibniz,New Essays on Human Understanding,Preface.9. David Hume,An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding,12.10. Thomas Reid,Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man,Essay 6, Chapter 5.11. Immanuel Kant,Critique of Pure Reason,Introduction.(2nd Edition), I-VI.12. Friedrich Nietzsche, On truth and lies in a nonmoral sense.13. Charles S. Pierce, Some consequences of four incapacities (excerpt) and the fixation of belief.14. Edmund Husserl,The Idea of Phenomenology,Lectures 1-2.15. Bertrand Russell, Knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description.16. Moritz Schlick, On the foundation of knowledge.17. Ludwig Wittgenstein,On Certainty,1-42, 91-105, 192-284.