By the time the Nazis had overrun Eta Fuchs's village of Tasnad, they had developed a system of "murder by bureaucracy," routinely processing Jewish communities for destruction, singling out strong workers and efficiently killing everyone else. When soldiers herded the Tasnad Jews into boxcars, Eta Fuchs was twenty-one. Four years later, she arrived in Canada with her husband Myer Berkowitz, a survivor of the slaughter in Poland. She had seen her entire family gassed at Auschwitz, clung to life in a slave labour factory, and endured the miseries of a German camp for stateless refugees.